New initiatives in Medicinal Plants Sector Padmapriya Balakrisnan Deputy Chief Executive Officer National Medicinal Plants Board Ministry of AYUSH

Global Demand of Medicinal Plants As per the WHO the Global market value for herbal Industry is expected to reached US$ 5 trillion in 2050. The global market growth for the industry is expected to be 7% per annum from year 2000 to 2050.

STATUS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDIA 20 Agro-Ecological zones. One of 17 mega biodiversity countries. 7 % of world biodiversity. 17000 flowering plant sps. About 9000 spp. used in ISM & Folk medicines. 1172 species in trade of which 242 with consumption > 100 MT. 40% of species in high demand sourced through cultivation (coverage 0.3 million ha.) Large network of institutions/Universities involved in medicinal plants R&D. 3

Cedrus deodara (Deodar) Saussurea costus (Kuth) Picrorhiza kurrooa (Kutki) Rubia cordifolia (Manjishtha) Aquilaria agallocha (Agar) Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Saraca asoca (Asoca) Pterocarpus santalinus (Raktchandan) Cinnamomum verum (Dalchini) Santalum album (Chandan) Rauwolfia serpentina (Sarpgandha) Plantago ovata (Isabgol) Commiphora wightii (Guggal) Cassia angustifolia (Senna) Aconitum heterophyllum (Atees) Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buck thorn) Piper longum (Pippli) Gloriosa superba (Kalihari) Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) India is repository of more than 7500 Medicinal Plants found in Himalayan to Marine and Desert to Rain Forest Ecosystems

Demand of Medicinal Plants from Health Sector About 2500 Plant Species are used in all the Codified System of Medicine practices in India 192 Western Ayurveda – 1587 species Siddha – 1128 species Unani – 503 species Sowa-Rigpa – 253 species 468 Homoeopathy 253 Sowa -Rigpa 1587 Ayurveda 503 Unani Homoeopathic – 468 species Western – 192 species 1128 Siddha

Demand of Raw Herbal Drugs: Growth Trends Estimated Demand during 1999-2000 : 2,34,675 MT (study carried out by CERPA) Estimated Demand during 2005-2006 : 3,19,500 MT (study carried out by FRLHT) Estimated Demand during 2014-2015 : 5,12,000 MT (study carried out by ICFRE) 6,00,000 5,12,000MT 5,00,000 4,00,000 3,19,500MT 3,00,000 2,34,675MT 2,00,000 1,00,000 1999-2000 2005-2006 2014-2015

Gross Volume of Foreign Trade of Botanical Raw Drugs EXPORT The trade volume of EXPORT of Botanical Raw Drugs has increased from about 56,015 MT in 2005-06 to 134,437 MT in 2014-15 registering an average annual increase of about 11 %. 160000 140000 120000 Quantity (MT) 100000 80000 60000 IMPORT The trade volume of IMPORT of Botanical Raw Drugs has increased from about 36,143 MT in 2005-06 to 64,545 MT in 2014-15 registering an average annual increase of about 7 %. 40000 Export 20000 Import 2004-05 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Year

Supply of Medicinal Plants 242 plant species recorded in high annual trade (excluding 57 species that are cultivated mainly for purposes other than medicinal use; 7 species that are cultivated for aromatic oils; 4 species for which availability of plant sources could not be verified). Imports Forests - 114 species (Himalayan forests =36; Tropical Forests =78) Wastelands - 59 species Cultivation - 54 species Imports - 15 species Cultivation Forests Wastelands Nearly 72% of the species in high demand continue to be sourced from the wild, with only 22% sourced from cultivation.

Supply of Raw Herbal Drugs from Cultivation: Growth Trends During 2005-06: 20% raw herbs has been procured from cultivation sources During 2014-15: 40% of the total volume has been procured from the cultivated sources During 2014-15: 12 major medicinal plants species viz. Isabgol, Henna, Senna, Mentha, Tulasi, Ashwagandha, Aloe, Pippali and Pippal Mool, Bach, Artemisia, Vetiver and Kuth has been well cultivated across the country around 2,02,000ha land cover. Cultivation of 30 mother species under the 5000 ha area has also been recorded. 50 40 30 20 10 40% 20% 2005-06 2014-15

Medicinal Plants Sourced from Cultivation Plantago ovata Isabgol Herb Demand Figures in metric tons Plantago ovata Isabgol Herb >30000 Aloe vera Kumari >10000 Senna alexandrina Sona patta Withania somnifera Ashwagandha 2000-5000 Piper longum Pippali/ Mool Ocimum tenuiflorum Tulasi Justicia adhatoda Vasa Shrub

Segmentation of Indian Herbal Markets ASU& H Formulations Proprietary / Ethical OTC medicines Herbal cosmetics Herbal Teas / Functional Foods / Nutraceuticals Extract / Phytochemicals / Resin & Gums Flavours and fragrances Aromatic Oils / Aromatherapy Culinary herbs and Spices Veterinary Herbal Products ASU& H Formulations Proprietary / Ethical OTC medicines Herbal cosmetics Extract / Phytochemical / Resin & Gums Flavours and fragrances MEDICINAL HERBS Aromatic Oils /Aroma therapy Herbal Teas / Functional Foods / Nutraceuticals Veterinary Herbal Products Culinary herbs and Spices

The National Medicinal Plants Board Set up in November 2000 under the Chairpersonship of the Hon’ble Minister of Health & Family Welfare. Apex level organisation, HQ in Delhi, headed by a CEO. To coordinate all matters related to Medicinal Plants (MPs)

Key Issues & NMPB Mandate

NMPB Schemes Central Sector Scheme on Conservation, Development and Sustainable Management of Medicinal Plants. Centrally Sponsored Scheme of National Mission on Medicinal Plants now subsumed with National AYUSH Mission (NAM) Scheme as one of its component i.e., “Medicinal Plants”.

Approved 6 RCFC and 1 RCFC in NE region is under progress Achievement under Central Sector Scheme (upto 31/01/2018) Budget outlay 71.00 crores Target for 2017-18 Physical Target Achievement till 31.01.2018 Establishment of MPCDAs 13 5 In- situ / Ex-situ conservation, Resource Augmentation 5500 Ha. 3281.78 Ha Support to JFMCS/ VFMC/ BMC 90 43 R&D projects. 25 19 Projects on capacity building, IEC, Nursery, QPM etc. 30 10 Herbal gardens and School / Home Herbal Garden 17 6 Setting-up of on Raw Drug Repository 9 (8 Regional + 1 National) Under process Support to establishment of Regional Centre and SMPBs 7 Approved 6 RCFC and 1 RCFC in NE region is under progress

Potential of India in Medicinal Plants Sector Remunerative substitute for traditional crops being grown by progressive farmers Provides tool for multi-storey forest development Critically important for sustainable forest development May turn out to be game changer for North Eastern States and states affected by Naxal movement Become world Leader due to comparative advantage in climatic conditions, traditional knowledge and scientific capabilities Sustainable livelihood for 100 million people - tribals through sustainable collection and primary processing Good substitute for small farmers e.g. Tulsi & Makoy cultivation Provides viable opportunity even in extreme climatic condition – Isabgol in Rajasthan, Senna in Tamilnadu, Atis and Kuth in high altitude area

Promotion of Cultivation of Medicinal Plants NMPB promotes cultivation of Medicinal Plants under National AYUSH Mission(NAM). There are 140 priority species enlisted for promotion of cultivation Subsidy for cultivation along with backward and forward linkages like nursery, post harvest facility, etc., Cultivation is promoted by formation of clusters. Because of the efforts of NMPB there are around 50 species under cultivation . As per ICFRE report, the volume of raw material sourced from cultivation has increased upto 40%.  

Supply Chain of Medicinal Plants

Trade in Medicinal Plants Scattered source Limited quantity Diverse products, stakeholders Not so organised Traditional SOPs, quality standards, policy framework – still evolving

Issues related to Marketing Adequate marketing linkages e.g. Mandies, Market Place. Unorganised Supply Chain of medicinal plants. Lack of proper PHM facilities e.g. drying yards, storage, grading, etc. as per the requirements of industries / exports. Lack of Semi-processing units for value addition. Lack of marketing intelligence e.g. assessment of demand, supply base, pricing etc.

Short comings Too many species of Medicinal Plants Preferance for wild collected source Absence of market Place Still medicinal plants are considered as minor forest produce Absence of cultivation technology It is still not a priority Role of traders and unorganized sector Quality and authenticity. Availability of Quality Planting Material

New initiatives in Medicinal Plants Sector Developed guidelines for Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for cultivation of Medicinal Plants and Good Field Collection Practices (GFCP) for wild collection of medicinal plants as per WHO guidelines. Developed training module for GAP and GFCP and trained representatives from various parts of the country as master trainers so that GAP and GFCP can be adopted by all the stakeholders of medicinal plants( in collaboration with DMAPR). Launched Voluntary Certification Scheme for GAP and GFCP so that there in availability quality raw material in collaboration with QC. Developed agro techniques for 104 species and published it in 3 volumes. Launched a web based mobile app called ‘e-charak’ an online platform for sale, purchase of Medicinal plants raw material and it also provide a platform for knowledge sharing and interaction amongst stakeholders. Establishment of Regional cum facilitation centers of NMPB mandated to look into coordination amongst various stakeholders of medicinal plants at regional level and promotion of MPs.

Establishment of National and Regional Raw Drug Repositories. Drafting of National Policy of Medicinal Plants Organizing International, National and Regional Level conferences, workshops and seminars to create awareness about Medicinal Plants, disseminate agro technology, buyer-seller meets etc. 10.Signatory of MOU with Namami Gange and Island development authority hence on priority basic promote conservations and cultivation of MPs in these areas. 11. Developed mobile based app called Bhuvan e-herbs to bring in all the stakeholders, implementing agencies on one platform for effective implementation of various schemes of NMPB. 12. Newsletters

ISSUES Reduce destructive harvest of Medicinal Plants Promote populations of critical species Thrust on continued promotion of scientific studies for substitution and validation of other species/plant parts Promote availability of Medicinal Plants to ensure efficacy of traditional health systems Urgent need to reconcile various legal provisions at the grass root/implementation level International Collaboration Create a corpus fund for supporting appropriate initiatives

Future Course of Action Develop Agro technology for remaining high in demand medicinal plants. Cultivation to be linked up with QPM and assured market with minimum support price. Quality standards and certification of MP produce for GAP and GFCP. Setting up of MP procurement corporation and link it with manufacturing units. Establishment of Germ-plasm collection units and variety development for high yielding varieties with high Active Ingredients. Conservation, sustainable harvest of MPs and standard market price or MSP.

Training to all stakeholders. Setting-up of FPCs for MP cultivation with primary processing / value addition. Promote export of MPs through GAP, GFCP and GHP. Establishment of assured supply chain for MPs.