Make Cell Specialization Quiz Load videos Make model foldable (Complete tabs for the specific station they are at) Make a mixture of Dana and Brads directions so the foldable is more comprehensive Add point values to the directions for grading guidelines Make practice problems and HWs Make manipulatives with the Cell cycle stages and stages of mitosis MAKE BRAINPOP video notes MAKE the YARN chromosomes to explain chromosomes/chromatin/chromatid/centromere COME UP with some sort of visual to go along with the cell cyle..or memory trick Finalize practice for mitosis day 1 & 2 Make mitosis quiz Make test Make review materials for review day (…stations..?)

DO NOW Take 2 minutes to study for your QUIZ on Cell Specialization & Communication Study Notes: #14 (Cell Specialization) #18 (Cell Communication)

Quick Write 1. Who do you most agree with? _____________ 2. Why do you agree with this student? ________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Vocabulary Throwback… What does it mean when you have the PREFIX ‘A-” -Without Example: Abiotic?.... Without life

So… What do you think the word ASEXUAL means?

Asexual Reproduction HEREDITY is the process by which parent organisms transfer their genetic information (DNA) to offspring. Eukaryotic organisms (plant/animal) transfer genetic information (DNA) in the form of CHROMOSOMES (coiled DNA).

Most human cells contain 23 pairs or 46 chromosomes. ASEXUAL reproduction - the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent using MITOTIC cell division.

What does Asexual Reproduction Result in? Results in genetic STABILITY between generations This means each generation is IDENTICAL

What are the ADVANTAGES? No need to find a MATE (saves energy) Rapid population growth

What are the DISAVANTAGES? Disadvantage No VARIATION (all identical)

Types of Asexual Reproduction

MITOSIS MITOSIS is the process somatic cells (“body cells”) use to divide in our body to promote growth and development in an organism. It is ASEXUAL reproduction. Facts about Mitosis DNA REPLICATES (copies itself) before division # of divisions: 1 # of daughter cells: 2 Daughter cells are IDENTICAL

BRAINPOP! http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/asexualreproduction/

It’s The circle of cell life How do cells reproduce and grow?

The Basics… What must be present in EVERY cell? What must happen BEFORE a cell divides?

WHAT IS THIS? 16

Why do cells divide? To replace other cells that have been damaged or worn out To allow multicellular organisms to grow For asexual reproduction Because they get too big!

What is MITOSIS? Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of one cell DIVIDES into two nuclei Therefore, each cell has the same genetic material as the original cell Its like “photocopying”(or CLONING) the cell- the two daughter cells are identical

Genetic Information Genetic information is contained in the DNA of the cell DNA is found in the thread-like coils called CHROMATIN when the cell is NOT dividing When the cell is dividing, the chromatin condenses (packs into) chromosomes genes are small sections of chromosomes that contain the information for a specific cell function

What makes up a chromosome? DNA wrapped around PROTEINS!

The Big Picture

Let Make our OWN Chromosomes!

Human Chromosomes

The cell cycle

The cell spends the most amount of time in interphase- growing Cell Cycle The cell spends the most amount of time in interphase- growing

Cell Cycle- Interphase During INTERPHASE the cell is GROWING and preparing to reproduce The cell’s DNA is being copied (replicated) The DNA is in the form of loosely coiled CHROMATIN

Cell Cycle- Mitosis Remember! Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle in which the nucleus and cell divides Mitosis is divided into: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase **(Cytokinesis)**

The cell spends a very short amount of time in mitosis- dividing Cell Cycle The cell spends a very short amount of time in mitosis- dividing

The phases of mitosis

Prophase The nuclear membrane begins to break down Chromosomes are condensed and consist of 2 sister chromatids The nuclear membrane begins to break down Spindle fibers appear The CENTROMERE joins each pair of sister chromatids to the spindle fiber MEMORY TRICK: Pro  PRIOR (1st phase)

Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell MEMORY TRICK: Metaphase = Middle

Anaphase Spindle fibers separate sister chromatids and pull them apart Once they have separated they are individual chromosomes MEMORY TRICK: Anaphase = Away

Telophase Spindle fibers disassemble Nuclear envelope reforms The nuclear envelope will become the nuclear membrane MEMORY TRICK: Telophase = Two (new cells)

Cytokinesis The cytoplasm is divided between the two cells In animal cells, cell membrane pinches off forming two new separate cells In plant cells, cell membrane pinches off and a cell wall forms

KEY FACTS ABOUT MITOSIS What TYPE of cells? SOMATIC cells = BODY cells (skin, etc.) WHEN? BEFORE cell division WHY? REPLACE worn out cells GROWTH of multicellular organisms ASEXUAL Reproduction Because they cells get TOO BIG and must divide # of DIVISIONS? ONE (identical daughter cells) # of DAUGHTER CELLS? 2 (identical) daughter cells Genetic STABILITY or VARIATION? STABILITY (means IDENTICAL)

Mitosis in action!

BRAINPOP! http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/mitosis/

Check Point B A C D E 39

Check Point Which statement is true regarding asexual reproduction as a method of producing offspring? limited to unicellular organisms common among mammals not a method used by plants produces offspring that are genetically identical Put the pictures of mitosis (bottom right) in chronological order. Why do cells divide? What occurs in metaphase? B C A D 40 E

Cell Cycle Practice (practice sheets from fall 2011..?) Manipulatives Mitosis Foldable Stations