The End of the Cold War In December 1988, Gorbachev announced that Communist ideology should play a smaller role in Soviet foreign affairs- this meant.

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Presentation transcript:

The End of the Cold War In December 1988, Gorbachev announced that Communist ideology should play a smaller role in Soviet foreign affairs- this meant that the USSR would no longer favour trade with communist states over capitalist ones He was keen for the Eastern European states to enjoy glasnost and perestroika He withdrew troops from Eastern Europe to save the USSR some money He did not intend to weaken communist control there, he simply wanted to strengthen it through reform – however once reform had begun he could not contain it… 2. Hungary Although in May 1989 Hungary opens its borders with Austria, the Communist government is not defeated until Early 1990 1. Poland 1988 sees strikes throughout he country & by June 1988the communist government is defeated in free elections 5. Romania (the most brutal government in Eastern Europe) Following huge Demonstrations from December 1989 & a very violent response from the secret police, democratic elections are eventually held in 1990. 4. Czechoslovakia Following huge Demonstrations from against communism, the government resigns in November & a non-communist becomes President in December. 3. East Germany In September 1989 thousands of East Germans escape through Hungary to West Germany & by November the Berlin Wall comes down. In 1991 Germany is reunited 6. Bulgaria Early 1990 democratic elections are held & the renamed Communist Party wins.

The Fall of the Soviet Union Gorbachev was widely respected in the West for his willingness to reform and the fact that his policies had led to the break-up of Eastern Europe. As a result, Gorbachev officially announced the dissolution of the Soviet Union and his resignation as President on 25 December 1991.