Study Guide US II Q4 MCA

1. The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education ended __________. the “separate but equal” doctrine.

Martin Luther King Jr., influenced by Gandhi, believed in ____________. nonviolent protest.

3. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) decided to entrust decisions about priorities and tactics to ________. young activists.

Civil Rights leaders targeted Birmingham in 1963 because the city ___________. was highly segregated.

The brutality against African Americans in Birmingham prompted Kennedy to ___________. propose a strong civil rights bill.

Television was a major factor in the election of 1960 because during the campaign _______. the candidates faced each other in the nation’s first televised debates.

Kennedy’s New Frontier included efforts to ______. improve the space program.

8. The Warren Commission decided that the Kennedy assassination was ______. the act of a single man.

9. As a member of Congress, Lyndon Johnson was known for his _______. great skill as a legislator.

10. Johnson called his plan for improving the nation the ______. Great Society.

11. Medicare and Medicaid were programs designed to help people afford _____. health care.

12. During the 1960s, the Supreme Court made several decisions which _____. protected the rights of people accused of crimes.

13. The goal of the Bay of Pigs invasion was to ______. force Fidel Castro from power.

14. Why did the Soviets build the Berlin Wall? To stop people from escaping from East Germany.

15. The Cuban Missile Crisis ended when… the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba.

16. President Kennedy’s policy in Vietnam was to ____________. increase the number of American military advisers.

17. What did the United States fear would happen if it did not get involved in Vietnam? Communists would take over the country.

18. What congressional action gave President Johnson that authority to escalate the Vietnam War? the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

19. Television coverage of the Vietnam War… brought the brutality of the war into homes.

20. Which of the following best describes the philosophy of the counterculture? question traditions and experiment with new ways of living

21. How did the Vietnam War finally end in 1975? with North Vietnam gaining control of all of Vietnam

22. Why did President Kennedy support the government of Ngo Dinh Diem? Kennedy feared that Communists would take over South Vietnam.

23. What was the name of the 1954 meeting to discuss conflict in Vietnam? Geneva Conference

24. What was the name of the major attack by Viet Cong and North Vietnamese? Tet Offensive

25. What was Ho Chi Min’s main strategy? Aggressively attack South Vietnam and American forces utilizing guerilla warfare

Essay Questions

Identify and explain two causes and two effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Communism in Cuba (90 miles from USA) Bay Of Pigs Invasion Kennedy’s aggressive foreign policy: (Cuban Missile Crisis) NATO nuclear missiles in Turkey Missile gap: JFK started new arms race Effects Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963) Red Phone Hotline b/w Soviets & Whitehouse (1963) *Back off of bombs Krushchev took bombs out of Cuba U.S. took bombs out of Turkey Both realized world was closer than ever to nuclear war

Identify & explain two causes and two effects of United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Domino Theory & Containment Geneva Conference (US Took Responsibility of Vietnam from France) Kennedy & Johnson sending increased number of military advisers to Vietnam Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Effects Anti-war protests divided US society 58,000 US dead, 300,000 wounded US War Veterans PTSD Countless Vietnamese civilians killed/maimed Herbicides cause health problems Cambodia & Laos destabilized, fell to Communists 1.5 - 2,000,000 Cambodians killed in Khmer Rouge genocides

50s: Beats were small group of poets & writers Compare and contrast the countercultures of the 1950s and the 1960s. Identify and explain a minimum of one example of each. Different: 50s: Beats were small group of poets & writers Black clothes Jazz music Marijuana Apolitical known for "playing it cool" (keeping a low profile) 60s: Hippies were more numerous Colorful clothes Folk / Electric Rock music Psychedelics (LSD) Active in Civil Rights / Anti-war Protest Movements became known for "being cool" (displaying their individuality) Similar: Importance of Music Opposed social norms & cultural conformity hip vs. square Youth-based / youth-driven Wore different clothing as a form of rebellion Mysticism / spirituality Drug Use Sexual Revolution