Famous Men Leeuwenhoek: first to see living microorganisms Used simple microscope Robert Hooke: named the cell Used a compound microscope to look at cork. Reminded him of rooms in a monastery Called them Cells

Cell Theory T. Schwann: sounds like Swan – All animals are made of cells. M. Schleiden: All plants are made of cells Virchow: All cells come from pre-existing cells All living things are made of cells unicellular- 1 cell multicellular- 2+ cells 2. Cell is the basic unit of life The beginning unit is always a cell 3. All cells come from other cells organism Organ system cells Organ tissue Skin Skin Muscle Muscle Skin Muscle

Cell Structure and Function Cells vary in size. Longest cell – nerve cells (up to 2 meters long) Smallest cell – bacteria Largest cell – egg cell Cells vary in shape. Shape is often related to function. Blood cells are smooth, round, and flow easily through the blood vessels

Animal Cell Nucleus 2 Cell Types Cell Organelles  organs in a cell Most important = nucleus (controls all cell functions) Nucleus:Cell :: brain:body 2 Cell Types Prokaryote Eukaryote No nucleus Nucleus No membrane bound organelles Membrane bound organelles Simple Complex Contains: cell wall, cell membrane, and ribosomes, Contains: nucleus and organelles Bacteria only Plants/animals/fungus

Organelle Structure and Function Plasma membrane (cell membrane) Surrounds cell maintains homeostasis selectively permeable (controls what enter and leaves the cell)

Cell Wall Rigid Structure Surrounds cell membrane Provides support Ex. Plants, Fungi, some protist and bacteria

Nucleus Nucleus – control center (contains chromatin) Nuclear membrane Nucleolus Chromatin Nucleus – control center (contains chromatin) Chromatin – Tangles of DNA Nucleolus – located in the center of the nucleus, produces ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Found on the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm Site of protein synthesis Ribosomes Cytoplasm Liquid between the nucleus and cell membrane Suspends organelles A place for chemical reactions and transport

Endoplasmic Reticulum Folded membrane (increased surface area) Assembly and transport of proteins and lipids Rough ER has attached ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus (body) Packaging and shipping of proteins and lipids Packaged into vesicles Vacuole Storage of food, water, and waste Larger in plant cells – usually contains water

Mitochondrion Produces Energy (ATP) for the cell Inner folded membrane increases surface area

Chloroplast Photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll (green pigment) Light energy + CO2 + H2O  glucose + O2

Microtubules and Microfilaments Protein fibers involved in cell movement and shape of the cell Moves organelles throughout the cell (cytoplasmic streaming of chloroplast)

Cilia Flagella Short hair-like projections from the membrane Cell movement Flagella Long whip-like structure that extend from the cell membrane Usually 1 or 2 on a cell

3 differences between plant and animal cells Plant cell has cell wall Plant cell has chloroplast Plant cell has a larger vacuole