Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nematoda Phylum Annelida The Worms Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Nematoda Phylum Annelida

Phylum Platyhelminthes = Flatworms Special Structures: Ganglia Ganglia – group of nerve cells Flame Cells - specialized cells that remove waste materials Pharynx - Food is drawn through this tube Eye spot Nerve cord Gastrovascular cavity Flame cells Pharynx Mouth

Phylum Platyhelminthes = Flatworms Body symmetry: Bilateral Body cavity: acoelomate Respiratory, Circulatory: diffusion Excretory: flame cells

Phylum Platyhelminthes = Flatworms Response: ganglia (simple) Feeding: carnivores or parasitic Movements: Cilia and muscle cells Reproduction: sexual (hermaphroditic)

Phylum Platyhelminthes = Flatworms Examples: Planaria, Fluke, Tapeworm

Tapeworms The largest tapeworms can grow up to 58ft long You can become contaminated by eating infected food They harm what they are living in by stealing vital nutrients. (House episode)

Flukes Humans ingest the eggs of flukes by eating raw fish, or eating the plant stalks of bamboo or other things that grow in a moist fresh water. Most common in Asia

Phylum Nematoda = Round Worms Retract piercing device mouth Special Structures: pharynx Dioecious - each organism is only one sex; separate sexes Hydrostatic skeleton - layers of circular and longitudinal muscles, together with the water in the gastrovascular cavity, that enable movement Sense organs - neuron that reacts to a specific stimulus, such as light intestine pseudocoelom anus

Phylum Nematoda = Round Worms Body symmetry: Bilateral Body cavity: Pseudocoelomates Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory: diffusion Response: ganglia (simple), sense organs (detect chemicals)

Phylum Nematoda = Round Worms Feeding: parasitic Movements: muscles, hydrostatic skeleton Reproduction: sexual  dioecious

Phylum Nematoda = Round Worms Examples: trichinosis, filarial worms, Ascaris, hookworms

Trichinosis Caused by eating raw pork Biblical reasoning to not eat pork

Ascaris Effect the intestine and can cause a blockage. Most symptoms are diahhrea, nausea, etc.

Filarial worms Contracted by horse fly or deer fly also causes elephantitis

hookworms Humans can contract hookworms by walking barefoot on contaminated soil. Also by eating improperly washed vegetables

Pin worm Scratching infected area and touching someone else and passing on eggs. Then they are ingested and the process occurs again.

Phylum Annelida = Segmented Worms Special Structures: anus Satae – external bristles for movement satae Nephridia-excretory organ that filters fluid in the coelom (primitive kidney) metameres gizzard crop Clitellum-Secretes a mucus ring into which eggs & sperm are released & then forms a protective cocoon. clitellum mouth brain Metameres-Body segments nephridia ganglia Septa-thin walls that separate body segments

Phylum Annelida = Segmented Worms Body symmetry: Bilateral Body cavity: Coelomates Respiratory: gills (aquatic) or through skin Circulatory: closed circulatory system

Phylum Annelida = Segmented Worms Excretory: Nephridia Response: Brain with dorsal & ventral nerve cords, some sense organs Feeding: aquatic – filter feeders; detritivores; parasitic Movements: satae, muscles, hydrostatic skeleton Reproduction: sexual & some hermaphroditic

Phylum Annelida = Segmented Worms Examples: earthworm & leech

leeches Attach to their host until they are full and then fall off to digest. In some cases a leech carries the diseases from prior hosts and infects the new host (HIV, Hepatitis).