Now Entering The Progressive Era Unit 4 Chapter 8 Ch. 10

Goals of Progressives Political Economic Social Put more power in the hands of the people Root out corruption in government Economic Reduce the power of the big business Improve working conditions End child labor Social Protect the consumer Clean up society (make everyone behave) Improve living conditions for the working class

Philosophies of the Progressives “Modern” thinking Scientific technique Order and organization in society, business, and government The Social Gospel- Walter Rauschenbush Industrialization and Urbanization caused many political, economic, and social problems Problems should be addressed by government policy

Methods of the Progressives Muckrakers Journalists and novelists who used their writing to expose political, economic, and social problems Settlement Houses Hull House in Chicago – Jane Addams Americanization- assimilate immigrants into American society. Loyal and moral citizens Social science research – collecting data National Consumer’s League Florence Kelley - boycotts

Who were the Progressives? Although Progressives came from many walks of life, they were USUALLY: Urban dwellers Middle Class College Educated Increased access to education led many women to enter reform work because the professions were still closed to them Native born

Political Reforms Local Reforms (City level) Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities “Galveston Plan” – City Commission System

Social Reforms Triangle Shirtwaist Factory- Fire 1911 Managers locked doors preventing workers from leaving 146 killed Brought focus on improving fire safety codes Compulsory Education laws- require parents to send children to school Temperance movement- promoted prohibition (no alcohol) Improve family life

Political Reforms State Reforms Reform Governors – “Fighting Bob” LaFollete of Wisconsin State Reforms Recall – public can remove elected officials from office Referendum – public can vote on a law passed by the legislature Initiative – public can put a bill on the ballot and bypass the legislature Direct Primary – voters choose candidates for office

Political Reforms National Reforms 16th Amendment – income tax 17th Amendment – Direct election of Senators 19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage

The Battle for Women’s Suffrage NAWSA – National American Women’s Suffrage Association Carrie Chapman Catt State by State campaigns for suffrage

NWP – National Woman’s Party Alice Paul Lobbied for federal amendment Picketed White House

NWP – National Woman’s Party

Economic Reforms Trustbusting – Enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act Ida Tarbell – History of the Standard Oil Company Roosevelt? Taft? Hepburn Act Mann-Elkins Act Payne-Aldrich Tariff Federal Reserve Act Federal Trade Commission Clayton Act

Square Deal President Roosevelt Goals were to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

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Economic Reforms – Working Conditions Lochner v. New York Struck down state laws limiting working hours saying it violated the workers’ right to negotiate his/her own contract Muller v. Oregon Upheld state law limiting working hours for women and other “special populations” Workman’s Compensation Laws Child Labor Keating-Owen Child Labor Act – declared unconstitutional Safety Codes Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Many people worked in crowded, unsafe sweatshop conditions, especially in the textile industry.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Bodies lay piled on the sidewalk along Greene Street together with hoses, fire rescue nets, and part of a wagon.  All were drenched by the tons of water used to contain and extinguish the fire.

Child Labor

Social Reforms – Quality of Life Local changes to building codes Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives video City Planning movement – more public spaces National Reclamation Act Changed the way natural resources were managed National Park System Protected natural resources, especially in the West

Living Conditions for the Working Poor 31

Living Conditions for the Working Poor 32

Living Conditions for the Working Poor 33

Social Reforms – Moral Behavior Prohibition – 18th Amendment Temperance movement – since early 1800s WCTU Carrie A. Nation Why did people support Prohibition? Anti-Defamation League- 1913 Defend Jews and others against verbal attacks and false statements Justice and fair treatment of all citizens

Social Reform – Protecting Consumers Meat Inspection Act Upton Sinclair – The Jungle Pure Food & Drug Act

The Jungle

The Election of 1912 The Parties: The Candidates: “Split the Vote” Democratic Party Republican Party Progressive (Bull Moose) Party The Candidates: Woodrow Wilson William Howard Taft Theodore Roosevelt “Split the Vote” Wilson Wins

Election of 1912 – The Candidates 38

Minorities & Immigrants in the Progressive Era Progressives mostly ignored the struggles of minorities Many southern Progressives supported restrictions on voting for African Americans and Jim Crow Laws because of Progressive ideals Progressives preferred to Americanize immigrants as quickly as possible

World War I – The Triumph & the End of Progressivism More government involvement in the economy Passage of 18th and 19th Amendments End: Horrors of war caused many to lose faith in “modern” thinking Many people grew tired of reform efforts and distracted by the war Many people preferred to return to stability