Nephrological Excerpts From the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert Natale Gaspare De Santo, MD, Massimo Cirillo, MD, Carmela Bisaccia, PhD, Gabriel Richet, MD, Garabed Eknoyan, MD  American Journal of Kidney Diseases  Volume 57, Issue 5, Pages 788-798 (May 2011) DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.01.021 Copyright © 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Position of the kidneys according to Albrecht Haller (1708-1777). Illustration from the Planches of the Encyclopédie, Table 75.25 Courtesy of the Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine, Paris, France. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2011 57, 788-798DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.01.021) Copyright © 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The nervous system and the kidneys according to Raymond Vieussens (1641-1715). Illustration from the Planches of the Encyclopédie, Table 64.25 Courtesy of the Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine, Paris, France. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2011 57, 788-798DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.01.021) Copyright © 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 (Left) Two kidney sections with glands (glomeruli), tubules, and vessels according to Exupère Joseph Bertin (1712-1781); (middle) bladder urethra and genitourinary tract according to Guichard-Joseph Duverney (1648-1730); (top right) the whole kidney according to Anton Nuck (1650-1692); (bottom right) the kidney according to Frederick Ruysch (1638-1731). Illustration from the Planches of the Encyclopédie, Table 76.25 Courtesy of the Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine, Paris, France. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2011 57, 788-798DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.01.021) Copyright © 2011 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions