Understanding Integrity: Integrity as foundation for Leadership Tulasi Sharan Sigdel Achala Dahal 12/7/2018

Session objectives Understanding and analyzing concept and approaches of integrity Analyze the different dimensions of integrity in leadership 12/7/2018

Contents Concept and approaches of integrity Philosophical dimensions Decision making landscape Factors affecting ethics and integrity 12/7/2018

Some basic questions What do people expect from us? How is trust to public services at now? Do our public institutions deliver service efficiently and effectively? Why don’t service receivers trust public institutions? What qualities or characteristics do public servants need to demonstrate to build trust to its citizens? How is the situation of accountability, honesty, loyalty and fairness to public services? What factors are affecting to provide better services? Do we get public respect if we lack integrity in governance and decision making? 12/7/2018

What is integrity? Integrity is knowing right things to do and doing the right things Integrity is not an absolute notion that you either have or totally lack. Such a black or white approach would, yet again, render the notion meaningless since no institution is without some blemish or occasional rule that requires bending. It is an ability to create problem solving alternatives with respect to legal provisions and not compromising with integrity values. 12/7/2018

Philosophical approaches Utilitarian approach Rights approach Fairness or justice approach 12/7/2018

Ethical Landscape Source: Carol W. Lewis 12/7/2018

The context problem in picture! Why do we fail? The context problem in picture! Source: Matt Andrews; Limits of institutional reform in development

Ethical Competence: 3 Elements Ability to identify and name an integrity problem Knowledge of the legislation, codes, standards related to the problem Able to identify the solution 12/7/2018

Video An offer that they can not refuse 12/7/2018

What do we do in everyday life? Integrity: Viable Options 3 5 Loyalty Exit Voice 2 1 4 Organize 6 Source: Albert O. Hirshman 12/7/2018

What is integrity? I = a (A+C+E ) – C I-integrity A- accountability C- competence E- ethics C- corruption 12/7/2018

Why integrity problems arises? Discrepancy between… A contract and actual execution Policy and implementation Entitlements and access 12/7/2018

The roots of integrity In a case, Nurturing a high-integrity culture, Jean Francois Manzoni writes: Organization, that employ lasting success in terms of both performance and integrity, have developed a strong and positive organizational culture that nurtures its employees. Changing organization culture requires modifying the common way of thinking The first step for quest for integrity is basic compliance dimension. While this is necessary condition but not sufficient. 12/7/2018

Cont.… High integrity entails more than respecting rules and regulations; it implies “doing the right things” for the organization Building trust and trustworthiness Eg: why should I pay tax? How does my government make the best use of money I paid? 12/7/2018

Cont… “Breakdowns” of Integrity Fear Need?/Greed How do these two things shape employee’s behaviour in organization? How does it paralyzes organization’s culture? 12/7/2018

Let’s see some evidences? Some inserts from the reports from GoN 12/7/2018

12/7/2018 PPMO report 2074

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स्रोत: महालेखा परीक्षकको प्रतिवेदन २०७३ 12/7/2018

Some Photos: Crushing stones Gavin-ware wall 12/7/2018

Extracting stones Crushing stones Road 12/7/2018

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Factors affecting Integrity… Executive as an Individual Internal/ Organizational External Environment Family Influences Policies, Code of conduct Government regulations Religious / Cultural values Behaviour of leaders, supervisors, peers and subordinates Norms and values of politics – political behaviour Personal standards, and needs Organisational culture Ethical climate of society- social values and norms My Choice Ethical Behaviour

Why integrity matters in leadership? For both legal and social approval of actions Building trust and trustworthiness Maintaining equality, justice and fairness Gain social/public respect Satisfying the ‘self’ 12/7/2018

Thank You ! Have a nice day !

An Assessment Measuring Perceived integrity of our leadership 12/7/2018

Perceived integrity survey results People with high integrity 15-20% People with moderate integrity 60-70% People with low integrity Source: survey result from previous training 12/7/2018