CH. 7 part 2 Textbook Answers

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CH. 7 part 2 Textbook Answers Pages 304-311

26. Define: respondent behavior.

26. Define: respondent behavior.

27. Define: operant conditioning.

27. Define: operant conditioning.

28. We can therefore distinguish classical from operant conditioning by asking: Is the organism learning associations between events it does not control (_____________________ conditioning)? Or is it learning associations between its behavior and resulting events (_____________________ conditioning)?

29. Page 305: Write Edward L. Thorndike’s law of effect.

29. Page 305: Write Edward L. Thorndike’s law of effect.

30. What did B.F. Skinner mean by shaping?

30. What did B.F. Skinner mean by shaping?

31. Page 307: What is Skinner’s concept of a reinforcer?

31. Page 307: What is Skinner’s concept of a reinforcer?

32. Define: positive reinforcement.

32. Define: positive reinforcement.

33. Define: negative reinforcement

33. Define: negative reinforcement

34. Note that contrary to popular usage, negative reinforcement is not ______________________________.

35. How are primary and conditioned reinforcers different?

35. How are primary and conditioned reinforcers different?

36. What is another name for conditioned reinforcers?

36. What is another name for conditioned reinforcers?

37. Page 308: Define: continuous reinforcement.

37. Page 308: Define: continuous reinforcement.

38. Describe partial (intermittent) reinforcement.

38. Describe partial (intermittent) reinforcement.

39. Page 309: Describe fixed-ratio schedules.

39. Page 309: Describe fixed-ratio schedules.

40. Describe variable-ratio schedules.

40. Describe variable-ratio schedules.

41. Describe fixed-interval schedules.

41. Describe fixed-interval schedules.

42. Describe variable-interval schedules.

42. Describe variable-interval schedules.

43. Page 310: Reinforcement increases a behavior, _________________ does the opposite. A ___________________ is any consequence that decreases the frequency of a preceding behavior.

44. Is most criminal behavior deterred by the threat of severe sentences?

44. Is most criminal behavior deterred by the threat of severe sentences?

45. What are the four drawbacks to physically punishing children?

45. What are the four drawbacks to physically punishing children?

46. Page 311: Remember, _____________________ tells you what to do; _______________________ tells you what not to do.