Cell Growth and Division Cell division – when a cell produces two new daughter cells Cell division is … the process that allows young organisms to grow replacement of injured and worn-out cells or reproduction of single-celled organisms

Life Cycle of a Cell - Time Line Interphase Mitosis (most of the cells life) P M A T

Interphase Inter – meaning between Active time between cell divisions Cell membrane Interphase Nucleolus (ball of DNA) Cytoplasm Nuclear membrane Nucleus Inter – meaning between Active time between cell divisions Growing, making proteins or ATP, moving Most of the cells life At the end DNA is copied exactly (duplicated) to prepare for mitosis

Mitosis Cellular process of passing on DNA DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid) – code of cellular instructions Mitosis occurs in four stages: P – Prophase M – Metaphase A – Anaphase T - Telophase

Prophase Pro – meaning before DNA forms strands called chromosomes Cell membrane Prophase Centriole Cytoplasm Spindle fibers Chromosomes Pro – meaning before DNA forms strands called chromosomes Centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus Nuclear membrane disappears Long spindle fibers stretch between centrioles Chromosomes attach to fibers

Metaphase Meta – meaning in the middle Cell membrane Metaphase Centriole Cytoplasm Spindle fibers Chromosomes Meta – meaning in the middle Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Anaphase Ana – meaning up or away Cell membrane Anaphase Centriole Cytoplasm Spindle fibers Chromatid Ana – meaning up or away Looks like a tug-o-war of chromosomes Doubled chromosomes separate Fibers shorten Single chromosomes (chromatids) move to opposite sides

Telophase Telo – meaning end Chromosomes reach opposite ends of cell Cytoplasm Cell membrane Telophase New nucleus Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Telo – meaning end Chromosomes reach opposite ends of cell Fibers disappear Nuclear envelope forms around each new nucleus New nuclei are identical to the parent nucleus Cytoplasm and organelles move to either side Cytokinesis – cell pinches in half

Daughter cells are identical to their parent cells Two New Daughter Cells !!! Daughter cells are identical to their parent cells