Athens vs. Sparta The Big Idea: The two most powerful city-states in Greece, Sparta and Athens, had very different cultures and became bitter enemies in the 400s BC.

Military Conclusions? Athens Sparta Military service began at age 7 until 60 13 years of Harsh training in fighting and killing (combat) Men lived in barracks (dorms) Allowed to marry and have children, but remain in dorms until 30. Had a strong navy Joined the army at age 18 Had to serve for 2 years Fought battles at sea Had mandatory military serivce Fought each other Conclusions?

Cultural Achievements Athens Sparta Military legacy Oral History (Trojan War) Women’s rights Art Architecture Drama & Literature Philosophy Government (Democracy) Organized government Influential thousands of years later Conclusions?

Systems of Labor Conclusions? Athens Sparta Professional soldiers—only ones who could vote (20%) Merchants & Artisans (10%) Helots or slaves-did all non-military work (70%) Freemen were all male citizens (20%) Workers who could not own land (50%) Slaves—had no rights (30%) Slaves were people taken when defeated in battle If a family needed money they could sell a child into slavery Conclusions?

The Spartans built a military society to provide security and protection. • Daily life in Sparta was dominated by the army, and boys were trained from an early age to be soldiers. – Spartan men reached full citizenship at age 30 and could then move back home, but they stayed in the army until they turned 60. • Courage, strength, self-discipline, and obedience were the most important qualities to have.

“Only Spartan Women give birth to real men.” • Because men were often at war, women had more rights than other Greek women. – Spartan Women ran the household and owned property. – Spartan Women also received physical training and sometimes competed with men in sporting events. “Only Spartan Women give birth to real men.”

Government • Sparta was officially ruled by two kings who jointly led the army, but elected officials actually had more power than the kings. • These officials handled dealings between Sparta and other city-states. • Sparta’s government was set up to control the city’s helots, or slaves. What type of government is this? What was the government of Athens like?

The Athenians admired the mind and the arts in addition to physical abilities.

Boys and Men In Athens • Sparta’s main rival in Greece was Athens. • Though they also worked to improve their bodies, they had to devote only two years to the army. • They learned to read, write, count, and sing. • Wealthy boys continued their education with a private tutor. • Boys from poor families usually became farmers.

Girls and Women in Athens • Unlike boys, girls received almost no education, because men did not think they needed to be educated. • Athenian women had fewer rights than women in many other city-states; in fact, they hardly had any at all.

a high hill upon which a Greek fortress was built Acropolis…Why? Word to Know Acropolis: a high hill upon which a Greek fortress was built

Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and influence in Greece. But… Over time the Persians came to rule a great empire which eventually brought them into conflict with the Greeks. Sparta and Athens worked together to win the Persian Wars.

After the Persian Wars… • City-states joined an alliance, which historians call the Delian League. – “Alliance” means they agreed to work together. • Sparta formed its own alliance, called the Peloponnesian League.

The Peloponnesian War Who: Athens and Allies & Sparta and Allies What: War over money Where: On the Greek mainland and the Aegean Sea When: 431B.C.- 404B.C. Why: Athens took money from the Delian League. Sparta didn’t like that. Ended in a truce

The Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta has left all the Greek city-states without unity! They are an easy target for… Alexander the Great from Macedonia