BELLRINGER What is the Renaissance called in England? What was the goal of Christian humanists? Who was the most well-known Christian humanist of the time?

Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideals Johann Gutenberg invents printing press 1st Book printed = Gutenberg Bible Now possible to produce books cheaply & quickly

Legacy of the Renaissance Changes in the Arts Used styles Ancient Greece & Rome Realistic portrayals of individuals & nature Begin writing in vernacular Art praised individual achievement (HUMANISM)

Changes in Society Printing Press makes info available and affordable Results  increased literacy Publication of new discoveries leads to more new discoveries People understand laws better Christian Humanists try to reform society People begin questioning gov’t and religious practices

Ch. 1-3: Luther leads the reformation

The Catholic Church Catholic = Universal Headquartered in Rome Leader is Pope World’s largest Christian church Was most powerful influence over people’s lives 1/6 of world is Catholic

Causes of the Reformation (p.54) Social Political Economic Religious Humanism & Secularism led people to question Church Monarchs didn’t like that Church was more powerful Monarchs were jealous of pope’s wealth Some church leaders were corrupt and worldly Printing press helps spread ideas Monarchs viewed pope as foreign Merchants didn’t like paying taxes to church Many didn’t like the sale of indulgences

Some Catholic Beliefs If you died with a dirty soul you would go to either Purgatory or straight to hell. You had to go to Church and the Priest would punish you to clean your Soul. You could buy an indulgence If you died with a clean Soul you would go to heaven. I would use the zoom facility of my interactive whiteboard to zoom in on the different sections of this picture. If you haven’t got this facility then you could crop the picture to the scene you prefered

Who was Martin Luther? German monk, religious scholar and professor. While comparing the Latin Catholic Bible with the original Greek & Hebrew he found that certain parts were incorrectly translated. Also disagreed with selling indulgences Luther nailed his 95 complaints on the door of a Church in Wittenburg in 1517. The 95 Theses were copied, printed, and distributed all over Germany

The 95 Theses What are they? Luther’s formal statements attacking indulgences 1517 – Luther posts the 95 Theses on the door of the church and invites other scholars to debate him Salvation is by faith alone, not faith and good works Church teachings should only be based on the Bible – not the pope All people with faith are equal  no need for priests to interpret the Bible for them 95 Theses are printed and distributed all over Europe Luther’s actions begin the Reformation

Pope Leo X's Threat At first, Church considered Luther a rebel who needed to be punished Luther suggests Christians drive the pope out Luther is excommunicated

Charles V Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (HRE) Devout Catholic Summons Luther to trial in Worms, Germany Commands Luther to recant (take back) his statements but Luther refuses Charles V issues Edict of Worms: Declares Luther an outlaw and heretic Luther’s books are burned No one is to give Luther food or shelter Prince Frederick disobeys and hides Luther

The Peasants' Revolt Begin applying Luther’s ideas to society Raid monasteries, pillaging & burning Luther is not happy Asks the German princes to show no mercy Princes win, kill 10,000 people Peasants feel betrayed and reject Luther’s religion Princes support Luther Not because they believe, but seize opportunity to take power away from HRE Princes sign a protest agreement against the Catholic Church  Become known as Protestants

Peace of Augsburg Charles V goes to war with German princes Charles wins, but the princes refuse to be Catholic Peace of Augsburg Princes agree that each ruler could decide the religion of his state

Reformation goes to England Henry is a devout Catholic Writes a stinging attack on Luther’s 95 Theses Pope gives Henry the title “Defender of the Faith” Henry’s father became king after a long civil war Henry is desperate for a son He only has 1 child with his wife, a daughter

Activity Design your own Martin Luther Poster. Include five or more of Martin Luther’s theses against the Catholic Church. You can age your poster for HW.

Activity Using the slides with the pictures of a Catholic & Protestant Church, complete the table below to show the key differences Catholic Church Protestant Church If you cut & paste the pictures from slides 6 & 10 into word to make the sheet for this activity

A Catholic Church

A Protestant Church

Catholic Church

Clothes worn by Catholic Priest in 16th Century Notice the image of Christ

Clothes Worn by Protestant Vicars (Priests)

What other changes took place?