HISTORY OF LITHUANIA.

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Presentation transcript:

HISTORY OF LITHUANIA

CONTENT: Prehistory; Entering into a period; Establishment of the state; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Lithuania’s alliance with Poland; Tsarist Russian empire; During the interwar Republic (1918-1940); Soviet Lithuania; Second Republic of Lithuania(1990-2013).

FIRST PEOPLE IN LITHUANIA (before 11 thousand years).

THE BEGINNING OF THE BALTS’ HISTORY History started 4-3 thousand before BC. In the sixth century tribes of the Balts split into separate tribes (lowlanders, Prussians, Lithuanians, Latgale, Selonians, Curonians, Semigallians, Yotvingians, skalvians). Formed the eastern and western Balts. The Balts engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry The Balts were pagans.

THE LANDS OF THE BALTS IN XI-XII c.

CONFEDERATION OF LITHUANIAN LANDS IN XII-XIII c. XII – XIII a.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE OF LITHUANIA Lithuania's name was first mentioned in 1009 in annals of Quedlinburg (Chronicle)

THE UNIFIER OF LANDS OF LITHUANIA IS MINDAUGAS In 1251 Mindaugas was baptized; In 1253 Mindaugas was crowned as the King of Lithuania.

LITHUANIA OF MINDAUGAS TIMES (1236 – 1263)

GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA (GDL)

GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA (GDL) Gediminas dynasty - ruled the longest Grand Dukes of Lithuania Dynasty (1316 - 1372). Dynasty pioneer – the Duke Gediminas. Gediminas considered to be the founder of Vilnius.

VYTAUTAS THE GREAT (1392 – 1430) Vytautas the Great, Grand Duchy of Lithuania has made the biggest country in Europe - the land stretching from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA IN VYTAUTAS’ TIMES

THE BATTLE OF GRUNWALD (1410) The largest Lithuanian and Polish battle against the German knights.

KREVOS AGREEMENT. BAPTISM OF LITHUANIA 1387. Duke of Lithuania Jogaila in 1385 in Kreva Castle signed Kreva contract. Baptized and began the baptism of Lithuania;

IN 1547 IN KARALIAUCIUS THE FIRST LITHUANIAN BOOK “CATECHISM” BY MARTYNAS MAŽVYDAS WAS RELEASED.

IN 1579 THE OLDEST HIGH SCHOOL WAS ESTABLISHED IN LITHUANIA - VILNIUS UNIVERSITY

LITHUANIA IN ALLIANCE WITH POLAND

THE UNION OF LUBLIN (1569). REPUBLIC OF TWO NATIONS. Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish nobles, the noblemen and the ruler of both countries - Sigismund Augustus signed the Union of Lublin.

REPUBLIC OF TWO NATIONS (1569–1795) Nobility elected the king; The persons appointed by the king up by the Senate; Nobility Sejm; A uniform currency (Gold)

1791-05-03 CONSTITUTION – THE FIRST EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION.

COLLAPSE OF REPUBLIC OF TWO NATIONS (RTN) In 1772 – RTN I division; In 1793 - RTN II division; In 1795 - RTN III division, followed by the final collapse of the RTN.

LITHUANIA IN RUSSIAN EMPIRE (1795–1915 )

LITHUANIA IN RUSSIAN EMPIRE (1795 – 1915) After the split, the RTN collapsed, the Grand Duke of Lithuania came into the Russian Empire. The Russian order was introduced in Lithuania.

ETHNIC REVIVAL IN LITHUANIA. FIRST LITHUANIAN NEWSPAPERS The first Lithuanian newspapers - "Dawn" and "Bell“ appeared in the end of the XIXth c. Newspapers were published in Tilsit (now Sovetsk) and Ragainė (now Nieman).

KAISER OCCUPATION OF LITHUANIA (1915– 1918)