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Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.124 Figure 3 Myeloperoxidase-mediated modification of apoA-I and sterol efflux Figure 3 | Myeloperoxidase-mediated modification of apoA-I and sterol efflux. In the absence of myeloperoxidase activity, preβ-HDL (HDL-VS) binds to the ABCA1 transporter and initiates the efflux of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells with the concomitant conversion of preβ-HDL (HDL-VS) to HDLα4 (HDL-S). Oxidation of apoA-I on multiple residues by the proinflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase might limit the capacity of HDL or apoA-I to mediate cholesterol efflux from macrophages and thus promote the development of experimental and human atherosclerosis. Abbreviations: ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; ABCG1, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1; apoA-I, apolipoprotein A-I; apoB-100, apolipoprotein B-100; CE, cholesteryl ester; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HDL-L, large HDL particle; HDL-S, small HDL particle; HDL-VL, very large HDL particle; HDL-VS, very small HDL particle; LCAT, lecithin–cholesterol acetyltransferase; LDL, low-density lipoprotein. Rosenson, R. S. et al. (2015) Dysfunctional HDL and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.124