Defining and Targeting High Flows

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Presentation transcript:

Defining and Targeting High Flows South Chittenden River Watch Defining and Targeting High Flows Vermont Monitoring Cooperative Conference December 2, 2016

Impacts on Water Quality SCRW Monitoring Program - Watersheds River Drainage Area (sq. mi.) Impacts on Water Quality LaPlatte River 46.36 Rural, receives treated effluent in Hinesburg McCabe’s Brook 4.59 Middle Segment 1.47 Agricultural Downstream Segment 1.21 Town of Shelburne storm water Thorp Brook 2.93 Kimball Brook 1.87

1. Phosphorus Burdens Associated with Suspended Solids

Comparison of “Critical” Discharge Rates in the LaPlatte Watershed and Addison County Streams River Apparent “Threshold”/ “Critical” Flow (cfs) % of Mean Daily Discharge Values Less than or Equal to Threshold Flow (cfs) Period of Record LaPlatte River 100 87.5 1990-2010 Lewis Creek 450 96.7 1990-2014 Little Otter Creek 95 83.6 1990-2006 Otter Creek 2,000 82.7 McCabe’s Brook 5 85 2012-2013

2. Particle Size Analysis

3. In-stream Phosphorus Mass Balances

McCabe’s Brook: A Losing Stream Many mass failures, gravel deposits, dry beds: At low flows water flows through gravel, stream may disappear At low flows, downstream segment often receives now flow from upstream catchment Upstream nutrient loadings at times exceed downstream loadings

4. Events Associated with High Flows

5. Loading Rates by Discharge Classes Median Phosphorus and Solids Loading Rates (Kg/Day) in McCabe’s Brook at Harbor Road (SCRW Data 2011-2014) Discharge Class Interval Phosphorus Total Suspended Solids Total Particulate Dissolved <1 cfs 0.10 (5) 0.07 (4) 0.05 (4) 23.98 (5) 1-5 cfs 0.32 (11) 0.16 (11) 0.21 (11) 75.99 (11) 5-10 cfs 2.94 (4) 1.24 (4) 1.56 (4) 638.09 (4) >10 cfs 7.36 (2) 5.35 (2) 2.01 (2) 3,224.41 (2)

Rough Estimate of % of Total Load Discharged from McCabe's Brook when Stream Discharge Rates Exceeded 5 cfs (May 30 to November 11, 2012; May 27 to October 14, 2013) 2012 2013 Days of Record 170 137 Phosphorus: Total 14 % 86 % Particulate 18 % 89 % Dissolved 7 % 75 % Total Suspended Solids 23 % 92 %

Conclusions High flow monitoring requires effort, but has proved feasible Discharge at the USGS gage on the LaPlatte River has proved a reasonable indicator of discharge in adjacent watersheds In-stream flow measurement is informative, but not affordable on routine basis High flow monitoring can pick up events impacting on in-stream water quality and loadings on Lake Champlain High flow monitoring targets flows representative of entire watersheds providing a better picture of entire watersheds High flow monitoring tracks the most meaningful data relating to nutrient and sediment loadings on Lake Champlain

Final Questions Does high flow monitoring present a more meaningful picture of potential impacts on receiving water bodies than does random flow monitoring? Can high flow monitoring improve our ability to detect and understand change over time?

THE END