CYCLES IN BRAIN Kaushik Majumdar Systems Science and Informatics Unit

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Presentation transcript:

CYCLES IN BRAIN Kaushik Majumdar Systems Science and Informatics Unit ISI, Bangalore Centre

Talking and Understanding: Broca’s Area

Talking and Understanding: Wernicke’s Area

Cortical Interconnections

Functional Areas

Sensory Processing: Vision

Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing Engel et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci., Oct 2001 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing

Feed Forward and Feed Back Connections Jantzen et al., Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2009 Feed Forward and Feed Back Connections

Thalamo-Cortical Loops and Cortico-Cortical Loops

Schematic Thalamo-Cortical Connections Mumford, Biological Cybernetics, 65: 135 – 145, 1991. Schematic Thalamo-Cortical Connections

Thalamus as Active Black Board Mumford, Biological Cybernetics, 65: 135 – 145, 1991. Thalamus as Active Black Board Process 1 Process 2 Process 4 Process 3 Shared Memory

Cortico-Cortical Pathways by Layer Mumford, Biological Cybernetics, 66: 241 – 251, 1992. Cortico-Cortical Pathways by Layer A B

How to find the loops? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) a) Granger causality b) Diffusion tensor imaging Mathematical modeling

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

T1 and T2 Time

MRI (cont)

MRI (summarized) Grey matter White matter

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI) Wandell & Dougherty, SPIE Vol. 6057, 605701, 2006. www.csulb.edu/~cwallis/482/fmri/fmri.html Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI) x → y or y → x y x

http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Granger_causality Granger Causality

3D Fiber Tracts of Human Brain C. Lenglet, PhD Thesis, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, France, 2006. 3D Fiber Tracts of Human Brain

Probabilistic Estimation of Loops Majumdar, Cognitive Neurodynamics, 2(1), 2008. Probabilistic Estimation of Loops Probability in each direction is 1/6. Z6 -Y -X 5 4 3 2 1 +X Probability of a cortical path to loop around is 0.2782. +Y

THANK YOU