Volume 138, Issue 4, Pages 1566-1573 (April 2010) Diffusion Tensor Imaging Supports the Cytotoxic Origin of Brain Edema in a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure  Laia Chavarria, Marc Oria, Jordi Romero–Gimenez, Juli Alonso, Silvia Lope–Piedrafita, Juan Cordoba  Gastroenterology  Volume 138, Issue 4, Pages 1566-1573 (April 2010) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003 Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Localization of the voxel of MR spectroscopy in 3 orthogonal planes (axial, sagittal, and coronal). Gastroenterology 2010 138, 1566-1573DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Representative MR spectra of sham, PCA, and ALF rats (6 hours, precoma, coma), Ins indicates myoinositol; Tau, taurine; GPC + PCh, choline derivates; Cr, creatine; Gln, glutamine; Glu, glutamate; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Lac, lactate. Gastroenterology 2010 138, 1566-1573DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Quantification of brain metabolites obtained by MR spectroscopy in PCA and ALF rats. The results are expressed as the percentage of variation compared with sham-operated controls. The dotted line indicates sham levels. To ease the representation, the figure is split in 2 charts (A, B). Glu/Cr indicates, the ratio of glutamate to creatine; Ins/Cr, ratio of myoinositol to creatine; Tau/Cr, ratio of taurine to creatine; GPC + PCh/Cr, ratio of choline derivates to creatine; NAA + NAAG/Cr, ratio of N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylglutarate to creatine; Gln/Cr, ratio of glutamine to creatine; Lac/Cr, ratio of lactate to creatine. (B) All data were signicantly higher than the sham-operated controls (*P < .050). Gastroenterology 2010 138, 1566-1573DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Brain ADC (averaged ADC of all measured regions) in PCA rats and sham controls (experiment A) and in ALF rats and sham controls at different stages (experiment B). ADC values of ALF rats at the precoma and coma stages are significantly lower than the sham values (P < .050). Gastroenterology 2010 138, 1566-1573DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Percentage of cerebral water content quantified by gravimetry in sham rats (81.6% ± 0.3%), all rats with ALF at 6 hours (81.8% ± 0.2%), precoma (82.0% ± 0.3%), and coma (82.3% ± 0.4%). Brain water was significantly higher at the coma stage (*P < .050, ANOVA) followed by Holm–Sidak pairwise comparisons. Gastroenterology 2010 138, 1566-1573DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Transfer constant for 14C-sucrose (Ki) in sham rats and rats with ALF at the precoma and coma stages. No significant differences were observed between the groups. Gastroenterology 2010 138, 1566-1573DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.10.003) Copyright © 2010 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions