Levels of Organization (CTOOSO) Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

Joints A joint is the junction of two bones. Sometimes they are linked by ligaments. There are three types of joints: FIXED SEMI-MOVABLE FREELY MOVABLE (no movement) (some movement) (many different movements)

Types of Movements Flexion / Extension Abduction / Adduction Rotation

Types of Bones Long: Longer than wide. The body is called the diaphysis. The rounded ends are called the epiphyses.

Types of Bones Short: Mainly composed of spongy bone, somewhat cubic in shape.

Types of Bones Flat: Bones that are thin, flat, and usually curved. They have 2 thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a thin layer of spongy bone.

Types of Bones Irregular: Bones with weird shapes.

Bone Cells Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Osteocytes

3 types of bone cells Osteoblasts : bone builders, (the amount decreases with age, making bones brittle) Osteoclasts : cells that eat away old bones Osteocytes mature osteoblasts cells that exchange substances with blood. Osteoblasts are cells which originate in the bone marrow and contribute to the production of new bone. These cells build up the matrix of the bone structure and also play a role in the mineralization of the bone matrix. Bone is constantly being built up and broken down by the body, making osteoblasts rather critical. The counterpart to the osteoblast is the osteoclast, a cell which is responsible for breaking down bone. As people get older, their production of osteoblasts decreases. This is why older people tend to have more brittle bones which are at risk of fracture, and why it takes longer for them to heal after breaks, because they have fewer cells to rebuild the damaged bone. Bone health can also be influenced by the amount of available calcium in the diet, as osteoblasts need calcium to work with in the process of building up bone. As people get older, their production of osteoblasts decreases. This is why older people tend to have more brittle bones which are at risk of fracture, and why it takes longer for them to heal after breaks, because they have fewer cells to rebuild the damaged bone. Bone health can also be influenced by the amount of available calcium in the diet, as osteoblasts need calcium to work with in the process of building up bone

What is the principle mineral that strengthens bone tissue? Osteoblasts are cells which originate in the bone marrow and contribute to the production of new bone. These cells build up the matrix of the bone structure and also play a role in the mineralization of the bone matrix. Bone is constantly being built up and broken down by the body, making osteoblasts rather critical. The counterpart to the osteoblast is the osteoclast, a cell which is responsible for breaking down bone. As people get older, their production of osteoblasts decreases. This is why older people tend to have more brittle bones which are at risk of fracture, and why it takes longer for them to heal after breaks, because they have fewer cells to rebuild the damaged bone. Bone health can also be influenced by the amount of available calcium in the diet, as osteoblasts need calcium to work with in the process of building up bone. As people get older, their production of osteoblasts decreases. This is why older people tend to have more brittle bones which are at risk of fracture, and why it takes longer for them to heal after breaks, because they have fewer cells to rebuild the damaged bone. Bone health can also be influenced by the amount of available calcium in the diet, as osteoblasts need calcium to work with in the process of building up bone and phosphates…