Establishing the Direction of the Relationship

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Establishing the Direction of the Relationship The Experiment Establishing the Direction of the Relationship

Research Strategies Non-Experimental Research Experimental Research Descriptive Research (survey, archival, observational) Correlation Research Experimental Research Between-Subjects Designs Within-Subjects Designs Factorial Designs Quasi-Experimental Designs

Experimental Strategy Establishes the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables. The change in one variable causes a change in another variable. X  Y

Comparison The essence of experimentation is looking for differences GROUP A GROUP B

Elements of an Experiment Independent Variable Random Assignment Dependent Variable Control

1. Independent Variable A condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable

Establishes Direction

Independent Variable Experimental (or Treatment) Group: Participants who receive some special treatment Control Group: Participants who do not receive the special treatment

Elements of an Experiment Independent Variable Random Assignment Dependent Variable Control

2. Random Assignment Participants have an equal chance of being in any condition in the experiment

Elements of an Experiment Independent Variable Random Assignment Dependent Variable Control

3. Dependent Variable The variable that is thought to be affected by manipulation of the independent variable

4. Control Extraneous Variable Any variable other than IV that might influence the DV Confounding Variable When two variables are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their specific effects

Extraneous to Confounding When it influences DV Systematic Variation

Extraneous to Confounding Coke Dislike Label L Is the difference due to the soft drink or the label that is attached to the soft drink? PEPSI Like Label S

Elements of an Experiment Independent Variable Random Assignment Dependent Variable Control

Evaluating the Experiment Advantages Causal Statements Disadvantages Artificial Ethical & Practical Limitations on manipulations

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