Chapter 12 Section 2 By: Morgan Bender, Joe Horvat, Lucas Mowery, Holly DeCamp, Maddie King, and Noah Gengler

Empire Building in Africa Before the 1880’s Europeans controlled little of the Africa Europeans had a keen interest in Africa's raw materials, especially West Africa These materials include: Peanuts Timber Hides Palm oil The Europeans profited off of the African slave trade in the early 19th Century Slave trade has ended, so the Europeans wanted another form of trade

European interest in Africa British had a great interest in Egypt Due to the Suez Canal, this was believed to be the “life line to India” Britain tried to gain as much control as possible over the canal area In 1875 Britain bought Egypt’s share of the canal This made Britain and Egypt allies, Britain even suppressed a Egypt revolt. The British believed the should also control Sudan South of Egypt to protect there interest in the Suez Canal Muhammad Ahmad (a Muslim cleric) launched a revolt that gained him control of most of Sudan

King Leopold II Ruler of Belgium Was the driving force behind the colonization of central Africa He was solely responsible for the commission system used for the rubber trade in the Congo Free State. Was generally accountable for at least 10 million Congolese deaths. Hired Henry Stanley to set up Belgian settlements in Congo

Berlin Conference Main purpose was to prevent fighting of European nations over the division of Africa. There were no African delicates present at the conference

The Boer Republics The Boers moved from the coastal lands, and headed northwest on the Great Trek. They eventually settled in the region between the Orange and the Vaal rivers. They made the Great Trek, because they were disgusted with the British rule. Frequently had problems with the Zulu people The Zulu people were eventually defeated by the British.

The Boer War The cause of the war was due to the fact that Over a dispute surrounding territory in South Africa between the Boers (Dutch settlers) and the British. Went from 1899-1902 British eventually won, and a peace treaty was signed. The state would be self governing nation within the British Empire. To appease the Boers, the British agreed that only whites, with a few propertied Africans, would vote.

Effects of Imperialism Most European governments ruled their new territories in Africa with the least effort and expenses possible European imperialism and African discrimination grew This effected Nationalism because Africans were tired of discrimination from Europeans and started to feel a sense of pride for their independent nation. African nationalists leaders all know a great deal about the west and admire the western culture. Making them better to rule than the Europeans.