Progress and challenges in maternal health in western China: a Countdown to 2015 national case study Yanqiu Gao, PhD, Hong Zhou, PhD, Neha S Singh, PhD,

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Progress and challenges in maternal health in western China: a Countdown to 2015 national case study Yanqiu Gao, PhD, Hong Zhou, PhD, Neha S Singh, PhD, Timothy Powell-Jackson, PhD, Stephen Nash, MSc, Prof Min Yang, PhD, Prof Sufang Guo, MD, Prof Hai Fang, PhD, Melisa Martinez Alvarez, PhD, Xiaoyun Liu, PhD, Jay Pan, PhD, Prof Yan Wang, Dr PH, Prof Carine Ronsmans, MD The Lancet Global Health Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages e523-e536 (May 2017) DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30100-6 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Total health expenditure per capita, by source and province, in 2013 Data from the National Health Accounts Report 2014.17 The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e523-e536DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30100-6) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Regional variation in maternal health parameters, by urban and rural area (A) Number of licensed doctors per 1000 registered population, 2003 and 2014. Data from the China health statistics yearbook.14 (B) Health facility births, 1997 and 2014. Data from the national annual report system.15 (C) Proportion of births by caesarean section, 2013. Data from the Millennium Development Goals in China Atlas of Priority Maternal and Child Health Indicators (2015).59 (D) Maternal mortality ratio, 1997 and 2014. Data from the national annual report system.15 The vertical line in the middle of the box represents the median of all provinces in the region, and the left and right boundaries of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. Whiskers at the end of the box show the distance from the end of the box to the largest and the smallest observed values that are less than 1·5 box lengths from either end of the box. Dots are outliers. The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e523-e536DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30100-6) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Coverage of (A) maternal care and immunisation, and (B) antenatal care in western China, by education of the mother, 2011 Data from the 42 poor counties in western China, 2011.19 DPT=three doses of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine. The Lancet Global Health 2017 5, e523-e536DOI: (10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30100-6) Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license Terms and Conditions