Training in Public Services PGPPA02C002T Training in Public Services “Training is expensive. Without Training it is more expensive”. Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

Meaning of Training The Dictionary meaning of training is- “ Imparting instructions in a particular art, profession, or occupation” According to William G. Torpey “ Training is the process of developing skills, habits, knowledge and attitude in employees in their present government position as well as preparing employees for future government positions.”

In brief Training - Is a conscious, deliberate and planned effort Is a continuous process; it has to be repeated from time to time in view of the fast changes taking place in the society Is specific and limited Is for imparting instructions about a particular work or profession Is to improve the skill, knowledge and effectiveness of the employees in their tasks Aims at preparing employees for higher responsibilities

Objectives of the Training It improves the efficiency of the employees It improves the occupational skill Induct a new employee into the organization Give him knowledge of the goals and objectives of the organization Help the employee to adjust with the new organizational changes Remove the weaknesses of the newly recruited employee Keep the employees informed about the latest developments Improve the integrity and morale of the employees Develops a sense of community service and belongingness in the employees

Types of Training Formal and Informal Training Short- term and Long - term- Training Pre - entry and Post - entry Training Centralized and Decentralized Training Skill Training and Background Training Orientation Training

Training Methods and Techniques On Job Training Job Instruction Training Vestibule Training Demonstration and Examples Apprenticeship Classroom Methods- Lecture Method Group Discussion Syndicate Method Case Studies Conference Method Role Playing T- Group Training

Training Contents Human Aspects: Job Aspect : Organizational Aspect:

Human Aspects Capabilities and Capacities Attitudes Ecological Understanding Human Relations

Job Aspects Competence Productivity Qualities Comprehension

Organizational Aspect Communication Skill Interpersonal Relations Organizational Development Organizational Change

Agencies & Institutes of Training in India Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration - Mussoorie Sardar vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy - Hyderabad Indira Gandhi National Forrest Academy- Dehradun Foreign Service Institute – New Delhi Institute of Secretariat Training and Management-Delhi Indian Institute of Public Administration- New Delhi National Institute of Rural Development- Hyderabad Administrative Staff College- Hyderabad Indian Audit and Accounts Services Staff College – Shimla National Forest Research Institute- Dehradun Railway Staff College- Baroda All India Institute of local Self Government- Mumbai

Indian System of Training Probationers of the All India Services and Central Services Class-I are given Institutional Training in the following phases: Foundation Course: Emphasis is laid on the teaching of the basic subjects like- public Administration, Economics, Planning , law, Political Science, Indian Culture, Constitution, History, The National Movements etc. and to develop esprit de corps. Professional Course: After Foundation Course of five month all the probationers have to attend the professional training in their respective training institutes. Refresh Courses : Refreshers Courses are short term training courses of duration ranges from one week to four weeks.

Problems in Training Process In India Costly Exercise Negligible expenditure on training Training system is not linked with the education and research methods existing in the country Mostly training institute follows traditional lecture methods of training Contents of training programmes are not always relevant and meaningful for trainees. Middle and lower level personnel are neglected Training lays more emphasis on theory than practical Lack of Qualified Trainers for training

Recommendations of ARC-II Report -10 Every government employee should undergo a mandatory training at the induction stage and also periodically during his/her career. A monitoring mechanism should be set up for overseeing the implementation of the National Training Policy (1996). The practice of having a ‘Common foundation Course’ for all Group ‘A’ Services should continue. For Group ‘B’ and ‘C’ Services , the institute of Secretariat Training and Management may be developed as the nodal agency for design and delivery of common Foundation Courses. All civil servant should undergo mandatory training before each promotion Cont……..

Cont…. Mid Career learning opportunities relevant to specific domains or specializations should be made available for officers. A strong network of training institutions at the Union and States levels need to be built up to provide the training requirements of civil servants. The composition of governing bodies of the national training institutions such as the LBSNAA, SVPNPA, IGNFA and also the state Administrative Training Institutes should be broadened by inducting eminent experts. A national institute of good governance may be set up by upgrading one of the existing national/ state institute. This institute would identify, documents and distribute best practices and also conduct training programmes.