Collapse of the Soviet Union

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Presentation transcript:

Collapse of the Soviet Union

Cold War Alliances Western Bloc Eastern Bloc USSR and Warsaw Pact allies Economic System: command economy Political System: Communism Goal: promote communism and support nations facing aggression from Western Bloc bloc = a combination of countries, parties, or groups sharing a common purpose USA and NATO Economic System = capitalism Political System = Democracy Goal: contain communism Containment = prevent communism from expanding and support nations facing threat of communism

USSR in 1970’s and 80’s 1970’s: Soviet Union at its height Strong economy Communist victory in Vietnam Support for communism in South America 1980’s: Decline Economy slows Satellite nations slow Military spending ↑ Invasion of Afghanistan = disaster Soviets losing faith in their system  looking to the West

Political Reforms in USSR 1985: Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power Promotes glasnost and perestroika Glasnost = openness/transparency freedom of press access to Western press the creation of political unions that opposed communism banned books that challenged Soviet history or Communist rule were published in large editions dissidents were released from prison greater religious tolerance freedom to travel to Western countries

Political Reforms in USSR Perestroika = restructuring of government and economy farmers were allowed to sell goods on the free market reduced the size of the bureaucracy supported limited private ownership Gorbachev pulls troops from Afghanistan Improves relationship with US Grants self determination to Republics 1989: Berlin Wall falls

Final Collapse of the USSR Republics call for self rule and secession 1989: Lithuania By end of 1991: all republics declared independence Gorbachev faces political challengers and attempted coup December, 1991: Gorbachev resigns and the Soviet Union officially dissolves Replaced by loose federation of the former republics