End of WWI & The Peace Settlements

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Presentation transcript:

End of WWI & The Peace Settlements

Paris Peace Conference I. Important Dates Armistice 11/11/1918 @ 11 a.m. Paris Peace Conference January 1919

II. What factors contributed to the end of WWI? war weariness strikes in Germany Russian Revolution US entry 2nd Battle of the Marne

III. What happened in the German Revolution of 1918? Events July 1917: moderates pass “peace resolution” July 1918: 2nd Battle of the Marne Oct: kaiser forms new gov’t. to sue for peace Nov: working class / army revolts  German Empire Kaiser Wilhelm II ***overthrow kaiser*** ***establish Weimar Republic*** (Nov. 9) Weimar Republic Friedrich Ebert

III. What happened in the German Revolution of 1918? Who gained power liberals & socialists [Social Democrats] communists unsuccessful Friedrich Ebert Karl Liebknecht Rosa Luxemburg

III. How will the German Revolution of 1918 open the door for Hitler? Weimar Republic signs armistice & Versailles Treaty = blamed for accepting defeat

IV. Paris Peace Conference 27 nations (no Germany or Russia) Big Four Lloyd George (GB) Clemenceau (Fr) Wilson (US) Orlando (It) Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson

IV. Paris Peace Conference Agendas of the Big Three Wilson: just peace 14 Points: self-determination & League of Nations Lloyd George: moderate peace voter pressure for harsh peace Clemenceau: harsh peace Franco-Prussian War (1871) – harsh peace

IV. Paris Peace Conference 5 treaties Versailles (Germany) St. Germain (Austria) Trianon (Hungary) Sèvres, 1920 / Lausanne, 1923 (Turkey) Neuilly (Bulgaria) 2 main issues territorial changes based on self-determination reparations

V. Treaty of Versailles (28 June 1919) Terms  military  land war guilt reparations ($33b) US did not ratify Henry Cabot Lodge League of Nations

VI. Postwar Territorial Changes Germany

Which countries in Europe were born out of WWI? Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Bessarabia (Moldova)

Which countries in the ME were born out of WWI? Lebanon, Syria (France) Palestine, Transjordan, Iraq (GB) Turkey (ind.)

League of Nations Mandates (Middle East & Africa) French Mandate of Syria French Mandate of Lebanon British Mandate of Palestine British Mandate of Transjordan British Mandate of Iraq British Togoland French Togoland British Cameroon French Cameroon Ruanda-Urundi Tanganyika South-West Africa

Was the Versailles Treaty a just peace????