2012 Advisory Panel Advancing Alternative Fueled Vehicles Mr. Michael C. Lewis Center for Electromechanics The University of Texas at Austin 12/4/2012

Vehicle Technology is Changing Electronics/Controls IT/Wireless/GPS Batteries Alternative fuels 2012 Ford Mustang GT 1965 Ford Mustang GT Tesla Model S

Advanced Vehicle Research Electric and hybrid vehicles – Rapid on-route charging transit buses – Fuel cell hybrid transit buses Light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles – Hydrogen fuel cell utility vehicles – Hydrogen fuel cell terminal tractor Natural Gas Home Refueling

How we plan to develop this field? Vision of role CEM can play Who might our partners be Near-term steps to achieve the vision Key challenges Longer term considerations

CEMs Role in Vehicle Research Predictive modeling and simulation Prototype vehicle design and testing Advanced technology demonstration and assessment Outreach, Education, and Technology Transfer

Modeling/Simulation Dynamic power systems modeling Quickly evaluate vehicle configurations and routes Customizable components and controllers Avoid build and test approach Proven ability to match vehicle performance and energy consumption within 5-10%

For Example: Long Beach Transit FTA TIGGER award for all-electric bus fleet Implement 10 electric buses for dedicated circulator route CEMs modeling and simulation was critical to – Formulating the bus RFP – Determining optimal charging scenarios Bottom line is Cost/Mile – CEM modeling is helping LBT determine the best approach for their application

Example: Onboard Range Extender or En-route Rapid Charging? CEM involvement on both fronts – fuel cells and rapid charging CEM vision is to quantify the pros and cons of both approaches and determine the best approach for transit agencies

CEM Strengths/Niche Highbay and machine shop Skilled technicians and expert engineering staff Access to UT professors and students First and only permanent hydrogen fueling station in Texas Dedicated hydrogen vehicle lab

Partners Vehicle manufacturers – Proterra, Capacity of Texas, ZeroKar, Mahindra-Ampere Battery, fuel cell, and storage manufacturers – Hydrogenics, Ballard, Valence Technologies, Vulcore Non-profit agencies – Center for Transportation and the Environment, Gas Technology Institute National laboratories and government agencies – NREL, Argonne, TXRRC, SECO, TCEQ

Vehicle Applications Light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles Autonomous and unmanned vehicles Energy storage and fuel conversion Batteries, high pressure tanks, compressors, reformers Prime movers and vehicle architecture Fuel cells, hybrids, motors

Vehicle Challenges Range Vehicle efficiency Onboard energy storage Fueling Time to fuel/recharge Hydrogen and natural gas availability

Recent ARPA-E Award U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) – Methane Opportunities for Vehicular Energy (MOVE) Focuses on reducing CNG vehicle barriers – 13 Awards totaling $30 million – CEM awarded $4 million for natural gas compressor development

Natural Gas Resources Massive increases in the U.S. natural gas reserves over the past decade present an unprecedented opportunity for advancing the economic, national, and environmental security of the nation Significant technical and economic barriers exist that are limiting widespread adoption of natural gas vehicles Reference: Funding Opportunity No. DE-FOA CFDA Number

Natural Gas Vehicle Barriers Fundamentally barriers arise from natural gas low volumetric energy density – Less than 1/3 of gasoline Difficult to store in great quantities Difficult to compress

Ultimate Barrier is Cost Assuming a 5-year payback at $2.00/GGE Natural gas systems (storage, compression, etc.) must not exceed $4200 Reference: Funding Opportunity No. DE-FOA CFDA Number

UTs Project w/ ARPA-E

Near-term Focus ARPA-E project success – Natural Gas Industry and Partners Transit bus demos – Onboard fuel cell or on-route rapid charge? Collaboration with EV-TEC and other university groups Marketing – ARPA-E project website and events – Publish papers

Long-term Outlook Develop relationships with new sponsors and partners – COTA and F1 Further compressor development – Hydrogen and scalability Explore fuel conversion technologies Autonomous Vehicles

Key Challenges Project cost-share – Several recent DOE opportunities were unrealized Private funding sources – Recent and current projects are supported by federal or state funds

Summary Vehicle technology is changing and opportunities for CEM are abundant These opportunities fit well with CEMs expertise and strengths New partnerships must continue to be developed

Contact Information Mr. Michael C. Lewis Center for Electromechanics The University of Texas at Austin