Ocean Currents.

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Presentation transcript:

Ocean Currents

Ocean Currents Surface currents Deep water currents Upper 400 m of the ocean (10%) Deep water currents Thermohaline currents (90%)

Surface Currents Moves on or near the surface Controlled by 3 factors: Air currents (WINDS) Earth’s rotation (CORIOLIS EFFECT) Location of continents

Major Surface Currents General Circulation Currents travel from the Equator to the poles Coriolis Effect causes currents to curve to the right (N hemisphere) Creates clockwise GYRES (circulation patterns)

The Sargasso Sea Calm, warm water Pattern of winds and currents concentrates floating debris (garbage)

Deep Ocean Currents Affected by 2 factors Temperature (Thermo-) Salinity or saltiness (-haline) Deep water is cold, dense and salty Surface water is warmer, less dense, less salty Move more slowly than surface currents

Effects on Weather & Climate Gulf Stream Current Carries warm water from the equator to Northern Europe Keeps Northern Europe much warmer than it normally would be

Effects on Weather & Climate Humbolt (Peru) Current Cold water upwelling towards South America Keeps S. America cooler than it normally would be

Effects on Weather & Climate Local Winds Sea breeze blows from Sea to Land during the day Land breeze blows from Land to Sea during the night Due to water’s high heat capacity