Chapter 14.1 - Trouble for the Catholic Church EQ: What reasons did people begin to call for reform in the Catholic Church AND How did reformers push for change?

Remember! During the Middle Ages almost all of Western Europe was united under the Catholic Church  Western Europe

Q1: Changes in Power Shift of power occurred during Renaissance Monarchs began gaining power As monarchs grew stronger, Pope became less powerful

Q2: The Great Schism Great Schism = Split within Catholic Church in 1300s French Kings used influence to elect only French Popes Other Europeans felt French king was controlling Pope In 1378 the two sides split and elected different popes, this split is known as the Great Schism After 40 years with 2 popes, conference was held to solve differences, single pope was elected and moved back to Rome in 1417

Q3: Corruption Over centuries Church gained enormous land holdings Needed huge sums of money to maintain land and Church Church Taxed Europeans to raise money But Church did not pay taxes on its own property – This upset many Europeans!

Q4: Church Values People felt church officials had lost sight of church values Many criticized church for corruption and losing sight of true values People began to call for reform

FOR YOUR INFORMATION: Examples of Corruption Within Catholic Church Priests, monks, and nuns breaking their vows to not marry or have children Priests, monks, and nuns ignoring Christian values Church leaders behaving like royalty instead of humble servants of God Abusing the ways in which to earn money for the church Selling church offices purely for profit and not based on merit Catholics were forced to pay taxes to the church

Q5: Indulgences Indulgences = Certificate bought to pardon a sin Used as way of raising money for the Church Reformers disagreed with selling of indulgences because many people believed they would be saved if they bought them

Q6: Erasmus (ih*RAZ*muhs) Criticized Church officials for neglecting Christian values Also Criticized reformers for trying to divide the Church Erasmus Thought solution was working within the Catholic Church to fix corruption and problems Desiderius Erasmus

Q7: Martin Luther Originally monk for Catholic Church Grew to see Catholic Church as corruption of Christian Faith Posted his Ninety-Five Theses to a church door because he disagreed with sale of indulgences His Ninety-Five Theses listed all the things he thought the Catholic Church should change Began his own church known as Lutheranism

Some of Luther’s Theses 25. The power which the pope has, in a general way, over purgatory, is just like the power which any bishop or curate has, in a special way, within his own diocese or parish. 26. The pope does well when he grants remission to souls [in purgatory], not by the power of the keys (which he does not possess), but by way of intercession. 27. They preach man who say that so soon as the penny jingles into the money-box, the soul flies out [of purgatory]. 28. It is certain that when the penny jingles into the money-box, gain and avarice can be increased, but the result of the intercession of the Church is in the power of God alone. 29. Who knows whether all the souls in purgatory wish to be bought out of it, as in the legend of Sts. Severinus and Paschal. 30. No one is sure that his own contrition is sincere; much less that he has attained full remission. 32. They will be condemned eternally, together with their teachers, who believe themselves sure of their salvation because they have letters of pardon. 33. Men must be on their guard against those who say that the pope's pardons are that inestimable gift of God by which man is reconciled to Him; 34. For these "graces of pardon" concern only the penalties of sacramental satisfaction, and these are appointed by man. 36. Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon. 37. Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has part in all the blessings of Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by God, even without letters of pardon.

Q8: Martin Luther’s Beliefs Major beliefs of Martin Luther during the Reformation: Bible is only source of religious truth People do not need priests or clergy to interpret the Bible Salvation can be gained only through faith in Christ Martin Luther

FOR YOUR INFORMATION: Protestants and the Reformation All the Christians that wanted to break away from the Catholic Church, or “Catholic Christians”, are called Protestants. They are called Protestants because they Protested against the Church. This time period during the 1500’s is known as the Reformation because many people wanted the Catholic Church to Reform, or fix the wrongs.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION: How did Protestantism Spread? Ideas of Martin Luther and many other Protesters spread because of Gutenberg’s invention The Printing Press helped spread ideas through the written word Protestors of Catholic Church made pamphlets that could be read by all people. These pamphlets were little informational booklets letting everyone know what protestors thought was wrong with the Church.

SUMMARY Write a 10-13 sentence summary answering the EQ with DETAILS – remember to PROVE your ANSWER! Remember the EQ was: EQ: What reasons did people begin to call for reform in the Catholic Church AND How did reformers push for change?