Cellular Biology Chapter 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Cellular Biology Chapter 3

The cell theory

So what is a cell?

Characteristics of animal cells plasma membrane cytoplasm organelles ribosomes cytoskeleton DNA*

Cell parts: plasma membrane Made of a phospholipid bilayer

Embedded molecules of the plasma membrane Carbohydrates: Lipids (cholesterol): Proteins

Cellular junctions between cells Allows for cell to cell communication and to adhere to each other ADHESION JUNCTION

Movement of molecules across a plasma membrane Diffusion Osmosis Active transport Endocytosis & exocytosis

Diffusion

Osmosis

Water balance between a cell & its environment Tonicity: Hypertonic solution Hypotonic solution Isotonic solution

Active transport

Moving large molecules across a plasma membrane Exocytosis Endocytosis

Exocytosis

Endocytosis

Cells do a lot of work! Actively transport substances across membranes Build membranes & associated proteins Build macromolecules from smaller components Move cellular parts w/in the cell Move the whole cell Maintain homeostasis ****This all takes energy!****

Two types of energy Kinetic: Potential:

Energy coupling

So, what is ATP?

Splitting of ATP

Phosphorylation

Can cells use less energy?? Yes!

How enzymes work The making of a product

Enzymes are substrate specific

Mitosis

Death is part of a cell life cycle programmed cell death, called apoptosis