Metalloids, Nonmetals, Radioactive Elements

Metalloids Found on the stair case on the periodic table between the metals and non metals Also called semi-metals Have characteristic of metals and non metals Used in making computer chips Physical Properties: appear to be metal in appearance, but brittle Varying ability to conduct electricity Depends on light and temperature Chemical Properties: Form alloys with metals Chemically behave like nonmetals

Fill in the blank Metalloids are found on the __________________ in the periodic table They are also called _________________ They have the characteristics of _____________ & ______________ They look like metal but they are ________________ They behave like _______________ chemically Staircase Semi-metals Metals and nonmetals Brittle Nonmetals

Nonmetals Highly volatile (easily vaporized) Low elasticity Poor conductors of heat and electricity Brittle Easily share or gain electrons 10 of the 16 nonmetals are gases at room temperature Not defined by what it is but by what its not. Comparing to metals

Fill in the Blank Nonmetals are: _____________ conductors of heat and electricity Brittle and easily ____________ and gain electrons Poor share

Nonmetals Halogens Group 17 Halogen means salt former Compounds containing halogens are salts (NaCl) 7 electrons in there outer shell At room temp, the can exist in all three states of matter Ex. Chlorine

Fill in the Blank Halogens are group _________ Halogens means ____________ An element in the halogen group is ___________ 17 Salt former Chlorine

Nonmetals Noble Gases Group 18 Colorless Do not ordinarily form compounds Because they do not gain or lose elections Their outer electron shell is full Stable Exist in Earth’s atmosphere in small amounts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNaBMvJXdJ4 Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

Fill in the blank Group 18 are known as the ____________________ Their outer electron shell is ____________ They are ________________ elements An example of a noble gas is ________________ Noble gases Full Stable Helium

Radioactive elements Atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons called isotopes. Some isotopes are unstable  nuclei do not hold together well These unstable nuclei of isotopes release fast moving particles and energy  radioactive decay The particles and energy produced during radioactive decay are forms of nuclear radiation Three types of radioactive decay Alpha Beta Gamma process

Fill in the blank An isotope as a different number of _______________ than protons Some isotopes are ________________ Unstable isotopes release energy called ___________________ Neutrons Unstable Radioactive decay

Alpha Decay Alpha particle  two protons and two neutrons (+) charged Same as He nucleus Decreases atomic number by 2 and mass by 4 Ex: Thorium-232 decays to Radium- 228 Radium to radon

Beta Decay Neutron turns into proton after it emits a beta particle (electron) This makes the atom more stable Atom has one less neutron and one more proton Mass remains the same Atomic number increases by one Ex Carbon-14 decays to Nitrogen- 14

Gamma Decay Also known as gamma rays Consists of high energy waves, similar to X-rays Seen in both alpha and beta decay Does not change atomic mass or number

Fill in the blank The three types of radioactive decay are _____________, ________________, and ________________

Effects of Nuclear Radiation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhUuFCrDOlw Alpha Radiation: similar to bad burn on skin Beta Radiation: damage cells Gamma Radiation: severely damage cells

Using Radioactive Isotopes Used as tracers Plants absorb tracers so biologists can observe how the plant uses that element Added to liquid to detect weak spots in metal pipes Medicine Tracers injected into the body to make images of the body Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells

Fill in the blanks Radioactive decays is used for _________________________ to kill cancer cells Radiation therapy