PERIODS GROUPS

1 ......... 18 2 3 periods

NAME THAT ELEMENT… What is the second element in period 6? What is the second element in group 7A? What element is in period 4, group 5A? What element is in period 2, group 8A?

METALS vs NONMETALS vs 
METALLOIDS

Metals All metals are to the left of the bold staircase PROPERTIES OF METALS: All metals are solids at room temperature They are lustrous (shiny) They are malleable and ductile They are good conductors of heat and 
electricity Hg 
(mercury)

Nonmetals Non-metals are to the right of the staircase. Sulfur Nonmetals Chlorine 
gas Non-metals are to the right of the staircase. Nonmetals: generally nonlustrous, poor 
conductors of electricity Some gases (O, N, Cl); some are brittle solids (S); 
one is a fuming dark red liquid (Br)

Metalloids Found right along the staircase (except for 
Aluminum…it’s a metal) Have properties in-between metals and nonmetals Are “semi-conductors” (conduct a little bit) silicon

GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS All are reactive metals why "alkali"? **Hydrogen is NOT a metal, 
but is put in this group 
because it has only 1 
electron

GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS Are all reactive metals, mainly found in the 
earth’s crust

GROUP 17 (7A): HALOGENS Nonmetals next to noble gases why "halogen"?? Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a 
liquid and iodine is a brittle solid

GROUP 18 (8A): NOBLE GASES!! Right side of the periodic table (on 
the end) All are gases at room temperature CHEMICALLY UNREACTIVE (Yet all other elements strive 
to be like them..)

Which element? Period 6 halogen? Period 3 alkaline earth metal? Lightest (first) metal? Third heaviest alkali metal?

VALENCE ELECTRONS: THE ELECTRONS IN THE 
OUTERMOST RING (SHELL) *DETERMINES WHAT KIND OF 
ION WILL BE FORMED *THE ELECTRONS INVOLVED 
IN BONDING

PREDICTION: Draw the Bohr Rutherford Diagram for : 40 Ca

Which element? Fills the 5th ring? Puts two valence electrons in the 6th ring? Half-fills the 2nd ring? Puts 5 valence electrons in the 4th ring ?