Anatomy and Physiology I HS 150 Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life Kyle Black M.S. C.E.S.
Objectives Define the terms atom, element, molecule, and compound Describe the structure of an atom Compare and contrast ionic and covalent types of chemical bonding. Distinguish between organic and inorganic chemical compounds Discuss the chemical characteristics of water Explain the concept of pH. Discuss the structure and function of the following types of organic molecules: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid
Define the terms atom, element, molecule, and compound Atom: Smallest particle of a pure substance that still has the chemical properties of that substance: composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons Element: Pure substance of only one of more than a hundred types of atoms Molecule: Particle of matter composed of one or more smaller units called atoms. Compound: Substance whose molecules have more then one kind of element in them
Describe the structure of an atom
Compare and contrast ionic and covalent types of chemical bonding. Chemical Bonding: makes an atom more stable, two ways it can do this. ↓↓↓↓ Ionic Covalent
Organic compounds: composed of molecules that contain Distinguish between organic and inorganic chemical compounds Organic compounds: composed of molecules that contain Carbon-carbon C-C covalent bonds or carbon-hydrogen C-H covalent bonds or both kinds Inorganic compounds: have carbon atoms in them and none have C-C or C-H bonds
Discuss the chemical characteristics of water Water The Basis of Life Inorganic compound The solvent in which most other compounds or solutes are dissolved Compose the basic internal environment of the body but also participate in many important chemical reactions. Dehydration synthesis: is how water is made. Two smaller parts Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) coming together to make a larger compound. Hydrolysis: Water (hydro) breaks down a bond into smaller molecules (lysis)
Explain the concept of pH. pH Scale: Used to map the strength of substance using acid or base for the definition. Because water is the balance of life it is in the middle of the pH scale.
Discuss the structure and function of the following types of organic molecules: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid Carbohydrates: monosaccharide (eg. Glucose, galactose, fructose) disaccharide (eg. Sucrose, lactose [milk sugar], maltose [malt sugar] polysaccharide (eg. Glycogen [secondary short term energy storage starch [cornstarch, potato, tapioca)
Discuss the structure and function of the following types of organic molecules: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid Lipids: fats and oils, solid at room temperature Examples in the body Triglycerides can be broken apart to yield energy for later use Phospholipids foundations for cell membrane Cholesterol is a Steroid lipid (multiple ring structure)
some proteins are Structural and some are Functional Discuss the structure and function of the following types of organic molecules: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid Protein: Very large, start off as amino acids strings are held together by peptide bonds. some proteins are Structural and some are Functional Structural proteins designed to be hold a certain shape for a certain job examples; collagen – holds body tissue together keratin – holds skin together that is waterproof Functional proteins have shapes that enable them to participate in chemical process of the body examples; hormones, growth factors, cell membranes and enzymes Enzymes are chemical catalysts eg. Lock-and-key
More about this next time. Discuss the structure and function of the following types of organic molecules: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid Nucleic acid: basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides two kinds DNA and RNA (chapter 3) DNA bases include Adenine, Thiamine, Guanine, Cytosine RNA bases include Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine More about this next time.