POWER GRID INTERCONNECTIONS IN CHINA 2001-2002 Xiaoxin Zhou China Electric Power Research Institute May 6, 2002 Shenzhen, China

中国电网的现状-1 Power Industry in China -1 到2001年底: 发电装机容量达3.38亿千瓦 发电量完成14780亿千瓦时 By the end of 2001: installed capacity: 338GW Electricity generation: 1478 TWh Comparing with 2000: 319GW (5.9%)， 1368 TWh (8.2%) 2018/12/7 CEPRI

中国电网的现状-2 Power Industry in China-2 35kV及以上线路总长度达762000公里 其中500kV线路31394公里 330kV线路8669公里 220kV线路134875公里 The total length above 35kV :762,000km 500kV : 31,394 km 330kV : 8,669 km 220kV : 134,875 km 2018/12/7 CEPRI

中国电网的现状-3 Power Industry in China -3 已形成: 7个跨省(区)电网;东北、华北、华东、华中、 西北、南方和川渝, 5个独立省级电网:山东、福建、新疆、海南、西藏 (未包括台湾和港澳地区) 7 Regional power networks: Northeast China, North West China North China East China Central China South China Chuanyu 5 provincial power networks: Shandong, Fujian, Xinjiang, Hainan, Tibet 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Power network in China 500kV 330kV 220kV Power network coverage 96.4% Northeast Xinjiang North 500kV 220kV 330kV Thermal Plant Hydro Nuclear North west Tibet East Central Sichyu South Power network coverage 96.4% 2018/12/7 CEPRI

中国电网发展战略规划 Strategic planning for Network 我国的发电一次能源主要分布西部地区，而电力消费主要集中在中、东部和南部地区。西电东送、南北互供，发展全国联网是解决我国能源分布与电力消费矛盾的重要措施。并将形成北、中、南三个输电通道。 In China, energy resource is mainly scattered in the west, consumption is concentrated in Central, East and South china. “Transmitting power from west to east, exchange between south and north and enhance nationwide interconnection” Three corridors will be constructed in North, Central and South China. 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Power transmission from The West to the East: Three transmission corridors North corridor Central Corridor The capacity of each corridor will reach about 20GW in 2020. South Corridor 2018/12/7 CEPRI

北通道 The North corridor Northeast, North, Shandong, Northwest 北通道送电距离大多在1000公里以内，输电方式以交流输电为主；要关注的主要技术问题是系统稳定问题和采取提高电网输电能力的技术措施。 Northeast, North, Shandong, Northwest Distance:﹤1000km ; Mainly by AC transmission; Faced: System stability Improving Capability Right of way 2018/12/7 CEPRI

中通道 The Central corridor 中通道送电距离在1000~2200公里，将以直流输电为主，要关注的主要技术问题有：直流多落点、电压稳定和动态稳定以及输电走廊紧张等问题。 East china, Central China, Chuanyu, Fujian Distance:1000~2200km ; Mainly by DC transmission; Faced: Multi HVDC feeder Problem(6 inverters in ECPN) Dynamic and Voltage stability Right of way 2018/12/7 CEPRI

南通道 The South corridor Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan,Hainan 南通道送电距离在1000~1500公里，采用交直流混合输电方式；要关注的主要技术问题有：暂态稳定问题、直流多落点问题以及提高输电能力等。 Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan,Hainan Distance:1000~1500km ; AC+DC transmission; Faced: Multi feeder Problem System stability Improving Capability 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Interconnection projects (2001-2002) North China – Northeast China one circuit of 500kV AC line, 600MW-800MW, May, 2001 Fujian – East China one circuit of 500kV AC Line, 600MW October,2001 Chuanyu – Central China October, 2001 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Interconnection Fujian-East China Interconnection North-Northeact May,2001 Interconnection Chuanyu-Central China April,2002 Interconnection Fujian-East China October,2001 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Transmission projects (2001-2002) Three Gorges transmission projects: AC and DC under construction 10,000MW Transmission project from the West to Guangdong: AC and DC 750kV transmission project in Northwest passed the feasibility study assessment Others 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Regional Grids Interconnection in 2005 Thermal Base 3000MW 2500MW 1800MW 7200MW Hydro Power Base 10000MW 9000MW This is a sketch map for nationwide interconnection in 2010. The power deficits in NEPN will be mainly filled up by the Humeng’s thermal base. NEPN is to be connected with NCPN to obtain interconnection benefits. NCPN and NWPN will be probably interconnected along with the development of "Sanxi" thermal power base. In the same time, it will strengthen interconnection between NCPN, NWPN NEPN and Shangdong as well as ECPN and CCPN. Also, it will be possible that Northeast China power system will be imported electricity from Russia. The TGPG will make CCPN, ECPN, CYPG as well as NCPN interconnect. In future, TGPG will be interconnected with Southern China Interconnected Network to obtain trans valley compensation benefit. A ±500kV HVDC line is planned to be built in order to transmit thermal power from Shanxi to Sichuan. FJPN will be interconnected with ECPN to save reserve of generation. Shaanxi in NCPN will supply thermal power to SDPG. When all planned interconnection projects are completed, most of regional and provincial power grids will be interconnected and a nationwide interconnected grid will be basically established. 2000MW 3000MW AC DC Regional Grids Interconnection in 2005 2018/12/7 CEPRI

China experiences on grid interconnection operation-1 Benefits by grid interconnection, from technical and economical point of view Low frequency oscillations Reduce transient stability limit DC and AC/DC interconnection Central China – East China by DC South China: AC/DC 2018/12/7 CEPRI

China experiences on grid interconnection operation-2 Comparative large generation unit in power system causes operation problems: Trip 1000MW nuclear unit in early 1990’s Gondong power grid caused loss of stability of South China interconnected power system 600MW thermal units in Fujian power grid requires interconnection with East China Power Grid in order to avoid frequency and voltage instability 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Regional Grids Interconnection in 2010 Thermal Base 3000MW 2500MW 1800MW 7200MW Hydro Power Base 10000MW 9000MW This is a sketch map for nationwide interconnection in 2010. The power deficits in NEPN will be mainly filled up by the Humeng’s thermal base. NEPN is to be connected with NCPN to obtain interconnection benefits. NCPN and NWPN will be probably interconnected along with the development of "Sanxi" thermal power base. In the same time, it will strengthen interconnection between NCPN, NWPN NEPN and Shangdong as well as ECPN and CCPN. Also, it will be possible that Northeast China power system will be imported electricity from Russia. The TGPG will make CCPN, ECPN, CYPG as well as NCPN interconnect. In future, TGPG will be interconnected with Southern China Interconnected Network to obtain trans valley compensation benefit. A ±500kV HVDC line is planned to be built in order to transmit thermal power from Shanxi to Sichuan. FJPN will be interconnected with ECPN to save reserve of generation. Shaanxi in NCPN will supply thermal power to SDPG. When all planned interconnection projects are completed, most of regional and provincial power grids will be interconnected and a nationwide interconnected grid will be basically established. 2000MW 3000MW Possible International connection AC AC DC Regional Grids Interconnection in 2010 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Regional Grids Interconnection in 2015-2020 Thermal Base 3000MW 2500MW 1800MW 7200MW Hydro Power Base 10000MW 9000MW This is a sketch map for nationwide interconnection in 2010. The power deficits in NEPN will be mainly filled up by the Humeng’s thermal base. NEPN is to be connected with NCPN to obtain interconnection benefits. NCPN and NWPN will be probably interconnected along with the development of "Sanxi" thermal power base. In the same time, it will strengthen interconnection between NCPN, NWPN NEPN and Shangdong as well as ECPN and CCPN. Also, it will be possible that Northeast China power system will be imported electricity from Russia. The TGPG will make CCPN, ECPN, CYPG as well as NCPN interconnect. In future, TGPG will be interconnected with Southern China Interconnected Network to obtain trans valley compensation benefit. A ±500kV HVDC line is planned to be built in order to transmit thermal power from Shanxi to Sichuan. FJPN will be interconnected with ECPN to save reserve of generation. Shaanxi in NCPN will supply thermal power to SDPG. When all planned interconnection projects are completed, most of regional and provincial power grids will be interconnected and a nationwide interconnected grid will be basically established. 2000MW 3000MW Possible International connection AC DC Regional Grids Interconnection in 2015-2020 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Reform of China power industry A market- oriented reform program of China power industry has been approved by State Council Separating traditional monopolized power company into power generation company and power grid company Pool style regional power market with competition of power generation companies State Power Grid Company and South China Power Grid Company 4-5 power generation group companies One year procedure of the first stage reform 2018/12/7 CEPRI

State Power Grid Company South China Power Grid Company 2018/12/7 CEPRI

Thank you! 2018/12/7 CEPRI