Introduced 1982 Used mostly in embedded applications - controllers, point-of- sale systems, terminals, and the like Used in several MS-DOS non-PC- Compatible computers including RM Nimbus, Tandy 2000 Included two timers, a DMA controller, and an controller on the chip in addition to the processor Later renamed the iAPX 186

Intel VARIOUS OTHER PROCESSORS WHICH EVOLVED WITH SOME DIFFERENCE ARE[WITH 16 BIT]

VARIOUS NAMES Here celeron 2,3 are Pentium 1 Pentium 2 Celeron 2 Pentium 3 Celeron 3 Celeron M Celeron D The improvement of pentium 1 and 2 respectively

Bus width 64 bits System bus speed 60 or 66 MHz Address bus 32 bits Addressable Memory 4 GB Virtual Memory 64 TB Superscalar architecture brought 5X the performance of the 33 MHz 486DX processor Runs on 5 volts Used in desktops 16 KB of L1 cache

P µm process technology Introduced March 22, 1993 Number of transistors 3.1 million Socket pin PGA processor package Package dimensions 2.16" x 2.16" Family 5 model 1 Variants 60 MHz with 100 MIPS (70.4 SPECint92, 55.1 SPECfp92 on Xpress 256 KB L2) 66 MHz with 112 MIPS (77.9 SPECint92, 63.6 SPECfp92 on Xpress 256 KB L2) P µm process technology Socket 7296/321 pin PGA package Number of transistors 3.2 million Variants 75 MHz Introduced October 10, MHz Introduced March 7, MHz Introduced March 7, MHz Introduced March 27, 1995 P54C µm process technology Number of transistors 3.3 million 90 mm² die size Family 5 model 2 Variants 120 MHz Introduced March, MHz Introduced June, MHz Introduced January 4, MHz Introduced January 4, MHz Introduced June 10, 1996

Description Structure Covington µm process technology Introduced April 15, pin Slot 1 SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package) Number of transistors 7.5 million 66 MHz system bus speed Slot 1 32 KB L1 cache No L2 cache Variants 266 MHz Introduced April 15, MHz Introduced June 9, 1998 Mendocino µm process technology Introduced August 24, pin Slot 1 SEPP (Single Edge Processor Package), Socket 370 PPGA package Number of transistors 19 million 66 MHz system bus speed Slot 1, Socket KB L1 cache 128 KB integrated cache Family 6 model 6

Introduced May 7, 1997 Pentium Pro with MMX and improved 16-bit performance 242-pin Slot 1 (SEC) processor package Slot 1 Number of transistors 7.5 million 32 KB L1 cache 512 KB ½ speed external L2 cache The only Pentium II that did not have the L2 cache at ½ speed of the core was the Pentium II 450 PE. Klamath µm process technology (233, 266, 300 MHz) 66 MHz system bus speed Family 6 model 3 Variants 233 MHz Introduced May 7, MHz Introduced May 7, MHz Introduced May 7, 1997 Deschutes µm process technology (333, 350, 400, 450 MHz) Introduced January 26, MHz system bus speed (333 MHz variant), 100 MHz system bus speed for all models after Family 6 model 5

Pentium 3 Celeron Introduced February 26, 1999 Improved PII, i.e. P6-based core, now including Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) Number of transistors 9.5 million 512 KB ½ speed L2 External cache 242-pin Slot 1 SECC2 (Single Edge Contact cartridge 2) processor package System Bus Speed 100 MHz, 133 MHz (B-models) Slot 1 Family 6 model 7 Variants 450 MHz Introduced February 26, MHz Introduced February 26, MHz Introduced May 17, MHz Introduced August 2, MHz Introduced (133 MHz bus speed) September 27, MHz Introduced (133 MHz bus speed) September 27, 1999 Coppermine µm process technology Introduced October 25, 1999 Number of transistors 28.1 million 256 KB Advanced Transfer L2 Cache (Integrated) 242-pin Slot-1 SECC2 (Single Edge Contact cartridge 2) processor package, 370-pin FC-PGA (Flip-chip pin grid array) package System Bus Speed 100 MHz (E-models), 133 MHz (EB models) Slot 1, Socket 370 Family 6 model 8 Coppermine-128, 0.18 µm process technology Introduced March, 2000 Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) Socket 370, FC-PGA processor package Number of transistors 28.1 million 66 MHz system bus speed, 100 MHz system bus speed from January 3, kB L1 cache 128 kB Advanced Transfer L2 cache Family 6 model 8

0.18 µm process technology (1.40 and 1.50 GHz) Introduced November 20, 2000 L2 cache was 256 KB Advanced Transfer Cache (Integrated) Processor Package Style was PGA423, PGA478 System Bus Speed 400 MHz SSE2,SIMD Extensions Number of Transistors 42 million Used in desktops and entry-level workstations 0.18 µm process technology (1.7 GHz) Introduced April 23, 2001 See the 1.4 and 1.5 chips for details 0.18 µm process technology (1.6 and 1.8 GHz) Introduced July2, 2001 See 1.4 and 1.5 chips for details Core Voltage is 1.15 volts in Maximum Performance Mode; 1.05 volts in Battery Optimized Mode Power <1 watt in Battery Optimized Mode Used in full-size and then light mobile PCs 0.18 µm process technology Willamette (1.9 and 2.0 GHz) Introduced August 27, 2001 See 1.4 and 1.5 chips for details Family 15 model 1 Pentium 4 (2 GHz, 2.20 GHz) Introduced January 7, 2002 Pentium 4 (2.4 GHz) Introduced April 2, 2002

0.13 µm process technology Northwood A (1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.8(OEM),3.0(OEM) GHz) Improved branch prediction and other microcodes tweaks 512 KB integrated L2 cache Number of transistors 55 million 400 MHz system bus. Family 15 model µm process technology Northwood B (2.26, 2.4, 2.53, 2.66, 2.8, 3.06 GHz) 533 MHz system bus. (3.06 includes Intel's hyper threading technology) µm process technology Northwood C (2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, 3.4 GHz) 800 MHz system bus (all versions include Hyper Threading) 6500 to MIPS

Single core Single work at 1 time Less of heat Duo core 2 work at one time More amount of cooling required Core 2 quad processor 4 work at one time Still under construction

In next slide we will diffrentiate in the working of single and duo core