It is not cool to copy some one else's idea – that is plagiarism, and shows that you lack originality.

Plagiarism Chamber Dictionary defines: Plagiarism as ---------- Theft Plagiarist as -------------Thief

1.Paraphrasing [rather than copying actual words] Degrees of Plagiarism 1.Paraphrasing [rather than copying actual words] 2. Copying only the portion 3. Copying the whole assignment 4. Copying from single source 5. Copying from unpublished source 6. Same Material /Assign of two diff Stud: 7. Purchasing it from web or other source . 7. It is illegal, but do not do it and may be some one else from your class has already purchased it.

No need to give the reference to the following because of common knowledge: 1. A war between Pak-India During 1971 2. Pakistan became independent on 14 the August 1947.

How to know that the work is not original? Electronics detection [software] [what ever clever web-pages or purchase schemes may be, a software can detect it.] Your teacher might recognize that the work is not your own.

What if the research work is plagiarized? Penalties: Course work marks at zero All courses are set at zero Student may be rusticated

Then what to do?

Acknowledging the Source Citations Or Acknowledging the Source

Citation A source of a Quote or paraphrasing from the work done by some one else.

Why Citation? To identify the original source to know that: Who is responsible for the work quoted? What is the title, author, place and time of Publication work. To enable you to quickly locate the info cited. To enable your supervisor to check the authenticity of the information quoted. To prevent plagiarism Veracity: Originality and worth of work.

Reference Details of the citations given at the end of document/paper.

Bibliography   Listing and details of all citations and review work given at the end of document.

Foot Note  Ref/Citation/Notes used to further explain outside the main text [given at the bottom of a page].

End Note References/Citations/ Notes used to further explain outside the main text [at the end of the chapter/paper].

Ibid Latin word and stands for "ibidem", Meaning Same as above and is used in numerical references.

Meaning as quoted above and is used in numerical references. op cite   A Latin word which stands for: "opus citatum" "opere citato", Meaning as quoted above and is used in numerical references.

Examples: for Ibid and Op-Cite 1. Henley and Bates (2007) Commercialization of SOEs, London, OUP. 2. Ibid., p.3. 3. Tom Lines (2006) Potential of Foreign Investment in Kenya, London, OUP. 4. Henley, OP Cite, p.5.

Types of Citation: Numerical Citations 2. Non numerical Citations

1. Harvard Referencing Style 2. APA 3. MLA 4. Chicago Style 5.Turabian Style – based on Chicago Style 6. ASA 7. CBE - Council of Biology Editors 8. IEEE

Various Citation Style Manuals 1. APA – American Psychological Association [Used in Psychology, Education, and other Social Sciences] 2. MLA – Modern Language Association [Used in literature, Arts, and Humanities] 3. Chicago Style – Chicago Manual of Style [used with all subjects

4.Turabian Style – based on Chicago Style [Designed to use with all subjects] 5. Harvard Referencing System [Used for all scholarly work] 6. ASA – American Sociological Association [Used in all social Sciences Subjects] 7. CBE - Council of Biology Editors [Used in all Medical Science Research] 8. IEEE [Used for Computers and Engineering fields]

Which one Style to use? Ask your Supervisor which style he /she wants you to use. If there is no preference, you can use any of the style described.