Microvascular responses to sepsis: clinical significance

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Microvascular responses to sepsis: clinical significance Philippe R. Bauer Pathophysiology Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 141-148 (June 2002) DOI: 10.1016/S0928-4680(02)00007-X

Fig. 1 Upon inflammatory stimuli (endotoxin, cytokines), endothelial cells induce vasodilation, become a procoagulant surface, upregulate adhesion molecules expression and produce inflammatory components. The consequences include hypotension, vascular thrombosis, neutrophil activation and ischemia-reperfusion injury that may lead to endothelial damage and ultimately apoptosis. (TLR, Toll-like receptor; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NO, nitric oxide; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; P-sel, P-selectin; E-sel, E-selectin; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; CRP, C-reactive protein). Pathophysiology 2002 8, 141-148DOI: (10.1016/S0928-4680(02)00007-X)