Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Dawn M. Torres, Christopher D. Williams, Stephen A. Harrison  Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology  Volume 10, Issue 8, Pages 837-858 (August 2012) DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.011 Copyright © 2012 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Prevalence of NAFLD as assessed by 2 large prospective studies. The San Antonio study used US as a screening modality for NAFLD in a tertiary care referral center. All patients found to have NAFLD on imaging were offered a liver biopsy, thus allowing for the calculation of NASH prevalence. The Dallas Heart Study performed magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess for NAFLD in a large urban population. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012 10, 837-858DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.011) Copyright © 2012 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Natural history of both phenotypes of NAFLD including IFL, which shows minimal risk for progression to cirrhosis or increased mortality, and NASH, which shows increased overall mortality as well as increased risk for cirrhosis and HCC. DM, diabetes mellitus. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012 10, 837-858DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.011) Copyright © 2012 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Clinical conditions associated with NAFLD. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012 10, 837-858DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.011) Copyright © 2012 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 A consolidated NASH pathogenesis slide integrating obesity and IR with bile acid metabolism, lipotoxicity, autophagy, ER stress, apoptosis, hepatic progenitor cell transformation, and stellate cell activation resulting in hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis. ApoB, apolipoprotein B; Bax, Bcl-2–associated X protein; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; DNL, de novo lipogenesis; GCKR, glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator; LYPLAL1, lysophospholipase-like1; NCAN, gene encoding neurocan; NF-κβ, nuclear factor kappa beta; PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; TLR-4, Toll-like receptor-4; UPR, unfolded protein response; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012 10, 837-858DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.011) Copyright © 2012 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Treatment options for NAFLD patients with an emphasis on NASH patients. CHF, congestive heart failure; FDA, Food and Drug Administration. Vo2max, maximal volume of oxygen. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2012 10, 837-858DOI: (10.1016/j.cgh.2012.03.011) Copyright © 2012 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions