“only the guns were silenced at Appomattox” Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant April 9, 1865 Appomattox Court House Va “with malice towards none & charity for all” “only the guns were silenced at Appomattox”

RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1877 The American Civil War ends! April 1861-April 1865 **620,000 dead **600,000 wounded People agree that the former Confederate states should be readmitted but disagree on how to go about reconstructing our country. First presidential assassination, Lincoln  A.Johnson The South is physically devastated / economy in shambles. Should the South be punished? Individuals or as a whole? Politics & Elections. Social issues…..how do we move forward?

More Legacies of the Civil War Wealth in S fell from 30% to 12% Earnings in S fell 70% to 40% Combined $3.3 billion spent Assassination of Lincoln Threat of secession ends Reconstruction begins Powers of Federal gov’t grow 13th, 14th & 15th Amendments passed 4 million freed blacks in to society National Bank Act 1863

Positive EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION All 11 Confederate states readmitted by 1870. 13th, 14th & 15th Amendments are ratified. Moderate economic gains replace plantations via Sharecropping & Tenant farming. Former slaves gain mobility(Exodusters), right to attend schools(HBCU’s) & organize churches. Freedmen’s Bureau Read the PT/CPT Pg.400

Negative EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION Ku Klux Klan founded, Tennessee 1866. 40 Acres & a Mule aka false promise. 1866 Southern Homestead Act Democrats regain power in the southRedemption. Home Rule prevents federal intervention in state governments. The Supreme Court narrows the scope of the new Amendments. (loop holes)

Ordeal of Reconstruction 1865-1877 Describe : Sharecropping & Tenant Farming Black Codes Ordeal of Reconstruction 1865-1877 Congressional Reconstruction Radical Republicans Lincoln A.Johnson Presidential Reconstruction Harsh on slave holders yet favored states rights Destroy power of slaveholders Leniency Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconst. Presidential Reconst. Wade-Davis Bill (p.v.) Pardoned all majority 10%(1860) Vetoes -F.B. , -Civil Rights Act 1866 & -Reconstruct. 1867 29 vetoes Freedman’s Bureau, C.R. 1866, Reconstruct.1867, Tenure of Office Act 15 over rides R.I.P. 4/15/65 Significance of Freedman’s Bureau 1868 Pres. election

Grants Presidency 1869-1877 Credit Mobilier Affair, Union Pacific Railroad scam, V-P involved, est. $23 million Whiskey Ring, tax evasion, private secretary, millions scammed. Secretary of War, Navy & Interior internally corrupt Panic of 1873, banks & businesses collapsed 5 yr economic depression, specie resumption I Republican Party begins to split. Laws passed & new ideas were sparked but moral & social changes were difficult

Grants Presidency 1869-1877 SO……….WHAT DO YOU THINK? Supreme Courts lack of support of 14 & 15 Amendments, Enforcement Acts unconstitutional Redemption, Home Rule, Compromise of 1877(3 parts) SO……….WHAT DO YOU THINK? WAS RECONSTRUCTION A SUCCESS OR A FAILURE? WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE?

Compromise of 1877 3 parts :……..

Legacy of Reconstruction 1865-1877 Republicans fail to protect rights they gave to former slaves. Unwillingness to distribute land hinders economic independence. Amendments abolish slavery, give basis for civil rights legislation. African-American schools. Civic groups increase literacy & opportunity. Assassination of Lincoln. System of checks & balances with Impeachment process remains in tact.

Legacy of Reconstruction 1865-1877 The War has ended, Emotions are intense, Bitterness on both sides, Fatigue is setting in. Lincoln is assassinated,1861-1865 Johnson is impeached, 1865-1869 Grant is riddled with scandal behind his back, 1869-1877 Hayes is "given" the presidency with a “compromising deal”, 1877-1881