Physical & Chemical Properties of Matter

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory KMT Particles of matter are always in motion. The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

B. Four States of Matter Solids very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume

B. Four States of Matter Liquids low KE - particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume

B. Four States of Matter Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume

B. Four States of Matter Plasma very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, variable shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs (cathode ray tubes)

C. Classification of Matter yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Colloids Suspensions

C. Classification of Matter Examples: graphite pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda element hetero. mixture compound solution

C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances Element composed of identical atoms EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances Compound composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements EX: table salt (NaCl)

C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances Law of Definite Composition A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements. Law of Multiple Proportions Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

C. Classification of Matter – Pure Substances For example… Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous Homogeneous

C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures Solution homogeneous very small particles no Tyndall effect Tyndall Effect particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol

C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles Tyndall effect particles don’t settle EX: milk

C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures Suspension heterogeneous large particles Tyndall effect particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

C. Classification of Matter – Mixtures Examples: mayonnaise muddy water fog saltwater Italian salad dressing colloid suspension solution

D. Properties & Changes in Matter Extensive Property depends on the amount of matter present Intensive Property depends on the identity of substance, not the amount

D. Properties & Changes in Matter Examples: boiling point volume mass density conductivity intensive extensive

D. Properties & Changes in Matter Physical Property can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity

D. Properties & Changes in Matter Examples: melting point flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air physical chemical

D. Properties & Changes in Matter Physical Change changes the form of a substance without changing its identity properties remain the same Chemical Change changes the identity of a substance products have different properties

D. Properties & Changes in Matter Signs of a Chemical Change change in color or odor formation of a gas formation of a precipitate (solid) change in light or heat

D. Properties & Changes in Matter Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water burning a log melting ice grinding spices chemical physical