Squatter settlements in LEDCs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fcDF3PESXI Published on 14 Oct 2014 Problems of urbanisation in ELDCs of India and Brazil. Mumbai (Bombay) India, Asia and Rio de Janerio, Brazil, South America case studies.

Objectives Know why urbanisation is rapid in LEDCs Be able to provide both push and pull factors when explaining the process Be able to describe and explain the characteristics of squatter settlements in LEDCs Be able to describe the social, economic and environmental nature of squatter settlements Be able to explain and give examples of ‘self help’ schemes Be able to explain the impact of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in LEDCs

In Less Developed Countries the process of urbanisation is rapid. This is because there are larger and larger number of people moving from rural areas to urban areas in these countries. Less developed countries traditionally have larger rural communities, which often rely on agriculture for survival. PUSH factors forcing people to leave these rural communities.

Explaining the process of rapid urbanisation using PUSH and PULL factors

Towns can’t be built quickly enough to cope with people moving from the countryside to cities in LEDCs so …..

The main characteristics of a squatter settlement Squatter settlements are found on areas of undesirable land: · marsh · near airports · near motorways near railway lines · near rubbish tips · uneven ground

What is life like in a squatter settlement? settlements are unplanned- sanitation, piped water, electricity and road access houses are made of any material available nearby - corrugated iron, pieces of board - haphazardly assembled to provide a basic shelter houses have a simple layout that may have a living area separate from a sleeping area parents and large families inhabit a small shack which is often overcrowded squatter settlements are very overcrowded no toilets water must be collected from a nearby source - often at a cost - and carried back rubbish is not collected poorly paid jobs where the income is unreliable or they work in the less well-paid jobs part of the formal sector the residents have very little money so cannot improve their homes or environments crime is a problem, children often do not go to school, the family lives on top of each other, there is no privacy, disease is rife and life is one of trying to survive from one day to the next

Practice question 9 What is the social & economic nature of a squatter settlement? (6 marks)