Clinical Research: Part 2

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Presentation transcript:

Clinical Research: Part 2

Overview Quasi-Experimental Designs Non-equivalent control group design Interrupted time series design Controlled interrupted time series design

Quasi-Experimental Designs Random assignment to two or more groups Quasi-Experiment “Quasi” = almost, so an almost-experiment Could use non-random assignment Group assignment could be assigned based on some contextual factor (e.g., school, class, company) Group assignment could be assigned based on some other participant variable (e.g., diagnostic status) Participants could self-select their group assignment Researchers/clinicians could assign participants non- randomly (based on personal preferences) Might only involve one group (no control group)

Non-Equivalent Control Group Design

Non-Equivalent Control Group Design Choose two groups (e.g., two schools) that are similar Make one the experimental group and one the comparison group Examine how scores on a DV change before and after the experimental program is implemented Because there was no random assignment, the two groups probably differ in a number of ways (e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, personality) Confounds reduce internal validity (ability to draw causal conclusions) Reduce the problem of these confounds by choosing a comparison group that matches the experimental group as closely as possible

Intervention to reduce no-shows at Clinic A

Interrupted Time Series Design Usually no comparison group Gather data extensively before and after a program is implemented

Lopez Bernal et al. (2013)

Wagenaar et al. (2009)

Traffic Fatalities

Frank’s dog died Traffic Fatalities

Controlled Interrupted Time Series Design Strengths of the non-equivalent control group design (has a comparison group) and interrupted time series design (has longitudinal data)