Entry Task Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following wild-type gene sequence: DNA: T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C.

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Entry Task Apply: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following wild-type gene sequence: DNA: T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A What would be the complementary strand of mRNA? RNA: A U G C C U AU U G A U G G C C C A U A A G U U

Translate! Met Pro Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop RNA: A U G | C C U | A U U | G A U | G G C | C C A | U A A | G U U Met Pro Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop Translate! Convert your RNA sequence to Amino Acids

Types of Mutations Silent Mutation (no effect on amino acid) Missense Mutation (changes an amino acid) Nonsense Mutation (premature stop codon) Frameshift Mutation (InDel) Insertion Mutation (one or more DNA bases are added to a sequence, potentially resulting in all new amino acids) Deletion Mutation (one or more DNA bases are deleted from a sequence, potentially resulting in all new amino acids)

T A C G G C T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A Silent Mutation T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A A U G C C U A U U G A U G G C C C A U A A G U U Met Pro Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop T A C G G C T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A A U G | C C G | A U U | G A U | G G C | C C A | U A A | G U U Met Pro Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop

Missense Mutation T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A A U G C C U A U U G A U G G C C C A U A A G U U Met Pro Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop T A C C G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A A U G | G C U | A U U | G A U | G G C | C C A | U A A | G U U Met Ala Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop

Nonsense Mutation T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A A U G C C U A U U G A U G G C C C A U A A G U U Met Pro Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop T A C G G A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A Note: In this example, two DNA bases are deleted from the wild type DNA sequence, resulting in the introduction of a premature stop codon A U G | C C U | U G A | Met Pro Stop

T A C G A G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A Frameshift Mutation (InDel) T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A A U G C C U A U U G A U G G C C C A U A A G U U Met Pro Ile Asp Gly Pro Stop T A C G A G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A A U G | C U C | U A U | U G A | U G G | C C C | A U A | A G U | U Met Leu Tyr Stop Note: In this example, inserting a DNA base into the wild type DNA sequence resulting in the introduction of a premature stop codon