Ocean circulation: key questions

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Ocean Circulation and Structure. Fig , p. 271 Major ocean circulation Gyres: clockwise in Northern Hemisphere and counter clockwise in southern.

Advertisements

Making water move How it is mixed & transported

Introduction to Oceanography

Ocean Currents – PART 2. Surface Currents Are Driven by the Winds  Winds that drive the ocean’s surface currents:  The westerlies  The trade winds.

Ocean Stratification and Circulation Martin Visbeck DEES, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

Review - Precipitation is caused by the uplift of moist air Air rising along the ITCZ or weather fronts (convergence) Convection caused by intense surface.

Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation

Earth Systems Science Chapter 5 OCEAN CIRCULATION I: SURFACE Winds, surface currents Flow within gyres: convergence, divergence, upwelling, downwelling,

Oceanic Circulation Current = a moving mass of water.

Wind Driven Circulation - wind energy to the ocean is a “wind stress” - wind directly drives currents at ~2 - 3% of wind speed - wind directly drives currents.

Ocean Circulation II Ekman transport & Geostrophic currents.

© 2002 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Ekman Spiral and Transport The motion of the water at the surface is driven by the wind. Each.

 The atmosphere and water are both fluids and behave in similar ways.

Lecture 7: The Oceans (1) EarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdfEarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdf, p

CIRCULATION OF OCEANS.

Physical Science Lecture 154 Instructor: John H. Hamilton.

UNIT 3: Earth-Sun Relationships

General Ocean Circulation. Wind driven circulation About 10% of the water is moved by surface currents Surface currents are primarily driven by the wind.

IV. Circulation of the Liquid Earth: The Oceans and the Hydrologic Cycle. A. Origin of the Oceans: 1. Where did the water come from? Outgassing from the.

Ocean Circulation Currents. Horizontally Vertically.

Chapter 21 Section 1 Review Page 524

AOSC 200 Lesson 14. Oceanography The oceans plat three important roles in determining weather and climate (1) They are the major source of water vapor.

Ocean Currents.

OCEAN CURRENTS AND CLIMATE. Ocean Currents and Climate There are two types of Ocean Currents: 1. Surface Currents are driven by surface wind circulation.

Surface Currents Flow of water in the uppermost layer of the ocean driven by wind.

OCEAN CURRENTS.

Ocean Currents G.Burgess Major Ocean Currents 1.Antarctic circumpolar current 2.California current 3.Equatorial current 4.Gulf Stream 5.North Atlantic.

Ocean Currents Ocean Density. Energy in = energy out Half of solar radiation reaches Earth The atmosphere is transparent to shortwave but absorbs longwave.

The Ocean General Circulation. Mean Circulation in the Ocean Gulf Stream.

Climate Climate is the average weather over a long period of time – Weather is the current condition of the atmosphere – Factors affecting weather/climate.

Ocean Currents. Two Types of Currents 1.Surface Currents 2.Deep water currents- very slow.

Current Weather Introduction to Air-Sea interactions Ekman Transport Sub-tropical and sub-polar gyres Upwelling and downwelling Return Exam I For Next.

OCEAN CURRENTS. OCEAN CIRCULATION  Of the four systems on earth, the hydrosphere is what separates us from the other planets.  Earth’s vast quantities.

Motion in the Ocean.

PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Part 3: Heat Budget & Ocean Currents

Ocean Currents trash islands.

Osmosis (Revisited) Video. Density mass per volume of seawater Determined by temperature and salinity Density of seawater increases all the way to its.

Question of the Day Question: If you heat up a liquid, like water in a fish tank, can it hold more oxygen or less? How do you know? Answer: ……… Turn In:

CURRENTS. III. CURRENTS- move large amounts of water A. Deep Water Currents (density driven) why does the density of water change? cooling, evaporation,

Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)

OCEAN CIRCULATION. DENSITY OF SEAWATER DENSITY INCREASES DEPTH INCREASES TEMP DECREASES SALINITY INCREASES EFFECT OF TEMP > EFFECT OF SALINITY.

Ocean Circulation. Ocean Currents Ocean currents Surface currents –Affect surface water within and above the pycnocline (10% of ocean water) –Driven.

Sea surface temperatures Sea water T varies with position in oceans Amount of insolation absorbed depends upon angle of incidence –With normal incidence,

Measuring Deep Currents

Ocean Movements Rotating Earth influences basic motion of ocean and atmospheric currents (Coriolis Effect)

Wind and Ocean Circulation currents.swf

Surface circulation Deep ocean circulation

Chapter 3 Chemical and Physical Features of the Oceans Why study this?

The Oceans, Solid Earth, the Carbon Cycle, and Climate\\

Class 24/25 -- The Oceans SURFACE CURRENTS Major surface currents

Ocean-Air Interaction

Ocean Currents & Climate

Ocean Currents and Circulation.

Ocean Currents.

You do not have to copy the question!

Ocean Currents the motion of water.

Ocean Currents and Circulation.

OCEAN CURRENTS.

The Oceans in Motion Surface Currents.

Marine Environment.

Ocean Currents Chapter 16.1.

The Oceans in Motion Surface Currents.

Properties of Seawater

Deep Circulation Changes in density cause ocean currents Cold Warm

Oceans and Internal Climate Variability

Ocean Currents Chapter 16.1.

Global Scale Winds.

Ocean Circulation Tyburn Marine Biology - Spring 2019.

Convection The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles within matter.

Ocean Currents.

Presentation transcript:

Ocean circulation: key questions Why do currents form? Circulation of surface & deep ocean are driven by solar radiation, & are closely linked. So why do they operate on different time scales? Role of ocean circulation in global climate?

Ocean circulation: key points Closely linked to circulation of atmosphere Distribution of solar energy drives surface winds, which determines motion of surface ocean & formation of currents Coriolis also influences ocean circulation, as it does atmospheric circulation (See systems diagram)

Deep ocean Oceans are vertically stratified, with more dense water at the bottom & less dense water at the top Deep ocean water moves in response to small changes in density over wide areas, independent of surface ocean circulation Deep ocean circulation is much slower than surface ocean circulation Due to surface heating, ocean is stably stratified & vertical mixing is slow

Gyres & Ekman spiral Water does not pile up on the coasts, but rather in the middle of a gyre Middle of a gyre is a convergence zone This is due to the Ekman spiral, which results from Coriolis effect & friction Surface ocean moves in a direction that is 45o to wind, & direction is reversed at 100 m depth Net transport is 90o to the wind, which is to the center of the gyre (See diagrams)