Muscular activity of the eyes วัตถุประสงค์ ...

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Presentation transcript:

Muscular activity of the eyes วัตถุประสงค์ ... - อธิบาย muscular activity ในการควบคุม eye movement ได้

Muscular Activities of the Eye I. Intraocular muscle activities Accommodation Pupillary constriction & dilation II. Extraocular muscle activities Vergence (convergence – divergence) Version (conjugate movement) Fixation saccade Optokinetic nystagmus Vestibular nystagmus Pursuit movements

III. Integrated eye movements - Fixation triad Accommodation Convergence Pupillary constriction

Coordination of Eye Muscles I. Orthophoria - balanced (coordinated) action of opposing muscles II. Heterophoria - unbalanced (latent strabismus) Exophoria - temporal Esophoria - nasal Hyperphoria - upward Hypophoria - downward

Esotropia III. Strabismus (squint or heterotropia) Exotropia Hypertropia Hypotropia A, left convergent strabismus; B, left divergent strabismus; C, left hypertropia; D, left hypotropia