Wars end and Reconstruction The Southern Economy Freedmen's Bureau 10% Plan

Questions to be Answered? What was the 10% plan? What was the Freedmen's Bureau? How was the South affected by the end of the Civil War?

Result of the Civil War Led to period known as Reconstruction. Results in Southern resentment towards the North and Southern African Americans. Southern whites will gradually gain control of the government, economy, and society.

The South after the War South was a wasteland after war Economically, Politically, Socially in disarray South was left without: transportation, roads, etc. Backward agricultural-based economy. Southern landowners: Lost land and money Sharecroppers Tenant farmers

North after the War The North and Midwest emerged with strong and growing industrial economies, laying the foundation for the sweeping industrialization of the nation (other than the South) in the next half century and the emergence of the U.S. global economic power by the beginning of the 20th century.

Freedman’s Bureau The South was left embittered and devastated by war From Slavery to Freedom: economic and political gains were short lived Freedman's Bureau – Help African Americans adjust to freedom, gave them an education

Lincolns Plan Lincoln wanted to restore the Union as soon as possible Offered amnesty (pardon) 10% Plan – readmission of the Southern states as soon as possible Wade – Davis Bill of 1864 Lincoln vetoes the bill and is assassinated soon after

13th Amendment Reconstruction Radical Republicans

Questions to be Answered? What were the 13th, 14th , and 15th Amendments? What were the five military districts the South was broken up into? What were the black codes?

Grant’s Postwar Contributions Urged Radical Republicans not to be harsh with former Confederates Elected president and served during most of Reconstruction Advocated rights for the freedman Opposed retribution directed at the defeated South

Lee’s Postwar Contributions Urged Southerners to reconcile and rejoin the United States Served as president of Washington College (Washington & Lee University today) Emphasized the importance of education to the nation’s future.

Douglass’s Postwar Contributions Supported full equality for African Americans Advocated for the passage of the 14th and 15th amendments Encouraged federal government actions to protect the rights of freedmen in the South Served as ambassador to Haiti and in the civil service

New Laws 13th Amendment is adopted abolishing slavery Black Codes – limits the rights of African Americans The Civil Rights Act of 1866 14th Amendment – States were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American. Granted citizenship to blacks

Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans were more punishing to the South They also clashed with Johnson over the issue of civil rights of freed slaves

Radical Reconstruction Act of 1867 Divided the Southern states into 5 military districts Texas and Louisiana Arkansas and Mississippi Alabama, Georgia, Florida North Carolina, South Carolina Virginia Set up requirements for readmissions to Union Abolished state gov’ts set up by Johnson 15th Amendment – voting rights for freed slaves 13 – 15 Amendments known as Civil War amendments

Carpetbaggers and Scalawags Radical republicans take the right to vote away from many Confederates Government left in the hands of carpetbaggers (Northerners)and scalawags (Southerners)

Johnson's Impeachment Radical Republicans tried to reduce power of president and remove Johnson from office Tenure of Office Act House of Representatives voted to impeach him Johnson missed impeachment by one vote

Ku Klux Klan Compromise of 1877 After Reconstruction New South

Questions to be Answered? Who was the secret society that opposed the Radical Republicans? What were the Jim Crow laws? What brought about the economic rebuilding of the South? What was the Compromise of 1877?

Ku Klux Klan Opponents of Reconstruction Threatened carpetbaggers, teachers in black schools, blacks Used intimidation and violence KKK Act-outlawed Klan Activities

Compromise of 1877 Reconstruction ended following the presidential election of 1876 End of military occupation in South Enabled former Confederates to gain power Jim Crow Era Allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to be President.

After Reconstruction Jim Crow Laws – legally separated blacks from whites in daily life Example: different schools, bathrooms, water fountains, where they could sit on a train, etc.

After Reconstruction The 14th and 15th Amendments granted blacks the same freedoms but it is not until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s that they are treated equally.

South struggles to establish better economy New South South struggles to establish better economy An alliance between powerful white Southerners and Northern financers brings about economic rebuilding of South Better transportation = better economy Election of 1868, U.S. Grant elected