Chapter 5 – 5.1 bell ringer 1. What aspect of Native American culture would the Iroquois have used to form what many historians believe was the attempt at a Democratic form of government? Iroquois League of Nation   2. What did the various parts of the snake represent? The individual colonies  3. What did the snake represent as a whole? All British colonies in North America 4. What do you think Ben Franklin was attempting to express through the cartoon? Join together and survive or stay separate and die 5. What kind of cartoon might the opponents of the Albany Plan have drawn? (you may write your answer of create an illustration) The opposite or unity

Chapter 5 – 5.2 bell ringer STATEMENT ONE: For a trivial (minor) offense, a free man shall be fined only in proportion to the degree of his offense, and for a serious offense correspondingly. The punishment given for any offense should be related to the severity of the crime This limits the power of government to impose excessive consequences for a minor offense. STATEMENT TWO: No free men shall be taken, or imprisoned... exiled, or in any way harmed…save by the lawful judgment of his peers (equals) or by the law of the land. This statement means that no one can be punished by government without a trial conducted by his or her equals  This right forbids the government to issue edicts unilaterally. It forces government to adhere to the legal process STATEMENT THREE: No constable (officer) or other bailiff (sheriff) of ours shall take the corn (grain) or other chattels (personal property) of anyone except…he gives money for them. Government may not take personal property from citizens unless it pays for that property Government cannot take property for its own needs. Government must pay for anything it takes STATEMENT FOUR: To none will we sell, to none deny or delay, right of justice. Each person accused of a crime will receive justice and that person’s justice cannot be sold or denied  This right keeps government in check by prohibiting it from manufacturing justice for its own gain  

Chapter 5- 5.3 bell ringer 1) Which country poses the greatest threat to English colonies? France before the war, Spain after the war 2) How many countries claimed lands in North America before the war? 4 – Britain, France, Spain and Russia 3) How many countries claimed lands in North America after the war? 3 – Britain, Spain and Russia 4) What is the major geographical feature that separates the two major powers left in North America? Mississippi River

Chapter 3 5) What rebellion was the first step in the fight against tyranny? By the 1670s, 25% of all free white men were former indentured servants who lived in western frontier and fought Native Americans for land. Virginia colony’s Governor Berkeley’s favored large plantation along coast. Nathaniel Bacon and a group of landless frontier settlers complained about Governor’s favoritism and high taxes. Bacon demanded Governor approve a war against Native Americans so landless free men could be landowners as well. Gov refused – sparked a rebellion. Bacon took control of the House of Burgesses and burned Jamestown to the ground. Bacon died and followers hung. Major point: first step against tyranny. This connects to American Revolution.

The demand for new world resources increased to the point where they had a labor shortage. Enter triangular trade. How did it work? Trade route from American colonies to Europe to West Africa and back around again and again. The route formed a triangle. This is known as Triangular Trade. Origins of Slavery Slavery – the practice of holding a person in bondage for labor. a) Established in the Americas during this timeframe (late 1500s/early 1600s). b) Slave trade expanded because Native Americans refused to work, died or ran away (they had help and family in area)

EOC: What were the four reasons why Africans were imported as slaves instead of continuing to enslave Native Americans? 1) Immune to European diseases 2) Had no friends or family in new world 3) provided a permanent source of cheap labor 4) had worked on farms in Africa African Diaspora – forced removal of people from homeland – in this case African from Africa Slavery is defined as the practice of holding a person in bondage for labor

EOC: What was the Middle Passage and what is it’s connection to Triangular trade? Middle Passage – the middle part of the voyage to America from Africa. Part of the triangle trade route – started in Europe sailed south to Africa, then west to America. EOC: What were the slave codes? Slave codes – to prevent rebellion, laws were instituted to regulate the treatment of slaves. EOC: What is racism? Racism – the belief that one some people are inferior because of their race. Europeans over time began to view Africans as inferior because they associated slavery

Slavery Issues Racism is defined as the belief that some people are inferior to others because of their skin color. African Diaspora is the forced removal of people outside their homeland. Middle Passage is the second leg of the triangular trade route. It was the voyage from Africa to America and the part of the triangular trade that shipped slaves to the New World with terrible consequences. It is estimated two million Africans died during the voyage of this passage.

Chapter 5 High Social Ranking: Large Landowners - Plantation owners Church Officials - Pastors, laymen Government Officials -Governors, Elected officials Wealthy Merchants - Bankers, General Store Owners, Trade ship owners Upper Middle Social Ranking: Small Farmers - Subsistence Farmers Trades people - cobblers, blacksmiths, carpenters Low Middle Social Ranking: Renters -People who lived in town and did not own land Unskilled Workers - People without a trade Low Social Ranking: Indentured Servants People who sold his or her labor for passage to America. They were unable to own land until they worked off their contract Slaves - Africans imported to America

Chapter 5 American identity was influenced by the following: 1) Economy – Better economic opportunities; more chance of owning land 2) Women & the Economy – Women could not: own land, vote, preach or hold office, their work essential to colonial survival (raised cash crops, made products, cared for farm animals, & household duties) 3) Education – High reading rate; children taught to read the Bible; wealthy families children taught math 4) Religion – religion important; Great Awakening spreads religious feeling over colonies 5) Publishing – Colonists publish own newspapers and books. Examples were Boston News-letter, Poor Richard’s Almanac 6) Political ideas – Colonists expect “rights of Englishmen”; Enlightenment-people can improve or change their government

Remember Owning land was a big deal – why? Remember back in England? Class system and social rank Women may not be able to vote, etc – but there was more equality in America. Why? Think backcountry Religion is still the fundamental center of a person’s life and existence in the community. Enlightenment started to change things for a more balanced approach to life. With the increase in literacy came the blossoming of newspaper. They grew from 1 to over 80 over the next 70 years Colonists started to think of individual rights like life, liberty and pursuit of property – with land ownership increasing this became more prevalent. Further individual rights started to cause colonists to rethink their relationship with England.

Chapter 5 Land ownership determined whether you could vote or not. Exception: people who lived in town could vote if they paid a fee. Social position in America was determined by whether you owned land or not since America did not have a class system like England. Great Awakening was a religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s – emphasized inner religious movement more important than outward religious behavior. Enlightenment –a movement started in Europe. It was believed that used reason and science was the path to knowledge – not emotion. John Locke applied natural laws to society and proclaimed man has natural rights of life, liberty and pursuit of property. Governments were man made and could be changed if the government failed in this duty to preserve and extend these rights.

Chapter 5 Roots of Representative Government: Magna Carta - guaranteed rights to noblemen and freeman. Rights included no seizure of property, taxes only by council, and limited powers of King Parliament - Right to elect representatives to government. Had two houses: House of Commons (elected by people), House of Lords (nonelected nobles, judges, & church officials). House of Burgesses in America. England’s Glorious Revolution: The overthrow of King James for not respecting rights of people. Attempted to pack Parliament with officials who would overturn anti-Catholic laws

Chapter 5 Shared Power: Governor, Governor’s Council, Colonial Assembly shared power. Colonists could elect representatives to an assembly (some form of self government); Governor appointed by crown. First form of self government was Mayflower Compact and the second was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. Trial of John Zenger. Trial over freedom of press and speech

Chapter 5 France claims western lands: French explorers claim Ohio Valley, Mississippi River Valley, and entire Great Lakes region. Built forts and had main settlements of Quebec & Montreal Native American Alliances: Center around furs. Huron & Algonquin allied with French. Iroquois with Dutch then English. English & French war saw native Americans side with allies Ohio Valley Conflict: English moved into Ohio Valley. English send GW to tell French to leave. French reply the land is theirs. England attempts to build fort at head of Ohio River, French seized partially built fort, completed it and named it Fort Duquesne and settled there.

Chapter 5 War Begins & Spreads: GW sent to defend Fort Duquesne, learned it surrendered, continued and built Fort Necessity. French attack fort, GW surrenders. French & Indian War begins. Braddock’s Defeat: Guerilla warfare introduced. French & Indians fought behind trees & rocks. GW suggests English do the same, Braddock refuses, English lose battle even though they outnumbered enemy more than 2-1. British take Quebec: British controlled 6 French forts & closed in on Quebec. British sneak attack after climbing cliffs at night led to victory. Turing point of French & Indian War.

Chapter 5 Treaty of Paris of 1761: British win war. Spain tried to help France but too late. In treaty: Britain claimed all of North America east of Mississippi, France gave Spain New Orleans, Louisiana and all lands west of Mississippi. British give Cuba & Philippines back to Spain. France done in N. America Pontiac’s Rebellion: British refused to continue French practice of giving supplies to Native Americans. Native Americans led by Chief Pontiac attacked settlements. British responded by attacking NA. Led to British Proclamation that forbid colonists to settle west of Mississippi. This was more to appease NA, but the effect was to make the colonists really angry since they viewed these lands and beyond as rightfully their land.