Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn Abnormal Psychology Second Edition Chapter 10 Eating Disorders Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Larry Pasman, J. Kevin Thompson ,International Journal of Eating Disorders Copyright (c) 1988 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company With respect to body image, women with anorexia may simply represent an extreme end of “normal” distortions; many other women do not assess their bodies accurately (Thompson, 1990). Here IDEAL is the average figure that women rated as ideal. ATT MEN (“attractive to men”) shows the average figure that women rated as most attractive to men, whereas OTHER illustrates the average figure that men selected as most attractive. THINK depicts the average figure that women thought of as best matching their own, and FEEL depicts the average figure that women felt best matches their own. Figure 10.1 Body Image Distortion Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10. 1 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa Robin S Table 10.1 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10. 2 Anorexia Nervosa Facts at a Glance Robin S Table 10.2 Anorexia Nervosa Facts at a Glance Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10. 3 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Bulimia Nervosa Robin S Table 10.3 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Bulimia Nervosa Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10. 4 Bulimia Nervosa Facts at a Glance Robin S Table 10.4 Bulimia Nervosa Facts at a Glance Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10.5 DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Binge Eating Disorder Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Table 10. 6 Binge Eating Facts at a Glance Robin S Table 10.6 Binge Eating Facts at a Glance Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

For perfectionists, bingeing can be an escape from aversive feelings For perfectionists, bingeing can be an escape from aversive feelings. Being aware of imperfections (referred to as aversive self-awareness) causes emotional distress. People high in perfectionism try to decrease this emotional distress by focusing on immediate aspects of the environment (referred to as cognitive narrowing), which they attain through bingeing (Blackburn et al., 2006; Heatherton & Baumeister, 1991). Figure 10.2 Bingeing as Escape Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

The more psychological disorders an adolescent—particularly a female adolescent—has, the more likely he or she is to develop an eating disorder (Johnson, Cohen, Kasen, & Brook, 2002). Figure 10.3 Psychological Disorders and the Risk of Developing an Eating Disorder Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Over the past five decades, the size (specifically, the body mass index [BMI]) of the average young woman’s body has become larger (orange line). Over the same period of time, the body size of Playboy playmates has become smaller (purple line), presenting an increasingly unattainable ideal. Figure 10.4 Women’s Body Size Over Time: Playmates and Average Young Women Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Objectification theory helps to explain the large gender difference in the prevalence of eating disorders. This theory proposes that whereas boys are encouraged to view their bodies as instruments that can perform tasks (agents), girls are encouraged to consider their bodies as objects and commodities to be evaluated (objects)—which makes girls more vulnerable to developing an eating disorder. Figure 10.5 Objectification and Eating Problems Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10. 6 Feedback Loops in Understanding Eating Disorders Robin S Figure 10.6 Feedback Loops in Understanding Eating Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers

Figure 10. 7 Feedback Loops in Treating Eating Disorders Robin S Figure 10.7 Feedback Loops in Treating Eating Disorders Robin S. Rosenberg and Stephen M. Kosslyn: Abnormal Psychology, Second Edition Copyright © 2014 by Worth Publishers