Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases Give off hydrogen (H+) ions in solution Properties Taste sour Conducts electricity Feels like water but can burn Turns blue litmus paper RED Gives of hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution Properties Tastes bitter Conducts electricity Feels soapy/slippery Turns red litmus paper BLUE

Both acids and bases Are considered electrolytes Become ions when dissolved in water a process called ionization. STRONG ACIDS or STRONG BASES ionize almost completely. Weaker ones don’t (AKA. All of the particles don’t break up into ions, some stay the way they were)

Definitions Indicator – a substance that has a specific kind of color reaction – it “indicates” what the other substance is Concentration – the relative amount of one substance present in another (concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions range from 100 to 10-14) NOTE – concentrated versus dilute is different than weak versus strong

pH scale A mathematical scale that represents the concentration of hydronium ions with a range of 0-14. (in water, the extra H+ ions are picked up by H2O and make H3O+ which is the hydronium ion). The more H+ ions that are present the lower the pH.

pH (with universal indicator)

Conversions between pH and Concentration pH 3 = 10-3 M = 1 x 10-3 M = 0.001 M Convert the following pH to concentration: pH = 4 pH = 9 pH = 7 Convert the following concentrations to pH: 1 x 10-6 M 1 x 10-5.2 M 1 x 10-1 M 3) Label all 6 as Acid, Base, or Neutral

Which acid would have a higher concentration of hydronium ions, lemon juice with a pH of 3 or tomato juice with a pH of 5? What pH would a substance have if it’s concentration of H+ is 10 -4? Is it an acid or base?

What no explosion? No, it won’t explode when I mix an acid with a base. What will happen, you ask? NOTES - Mixing an acid with a base will produce a salt and water. The acid and base NEUTRALIZE each other. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O Is this equation balanced? How many moles of each substance are used?

Naming Acids and Bases Acids: Ending changes and some prefixes change. H bonded to a monatomic ion = Hydro ________ ic acid example HF = Hydrofluoric acid H bonded to an -ate polyatomic ion = __________ic acid HNO3 = nitric acid H bonded to an -ite polyatomic ion = __________ous acid HNO2 = nitrous acid Bases: Name the metal then Hydroxide example: LiOH = Lithium Hydroxide