Kde je Sever a nie len Sever

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Presentation transcript:

Kde je Sever a nie len Sever Antioxidanty, skevengery, voľné radikály, atď. ... vieme určite o čom to je? S J Z V 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 1

Čo je Oxidácia? Reakcia s kyslíkom (s molekulou O2; s atómom O) Odovzdanie elektrónu (- ė ) S Z V J 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 2

Čo je Redukcia? Prijatie elektrónu (+ ė ) S Z V J 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 3

Reverzibilné Red-Ox reakcie Látka, ktorá odovzdá elektrón sa oxiduje S J Z V Fe2+ (- ė ) Fe3+ 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 4

Reverzibilné Red-Ox reakcie Látka, ktorá prijme elektrón sa redukuje S J Z V Fe3+ (+ ė ) Fe2+ 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 5

Reverzibilné Red-Ox reakcie Redukcia = prijatie elektrónu (+ ė ) (+ ė ) (+ ė ) 2 [ (+ ė ) ] 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 6

Transfér elektrónu; reverzibilita O2;●O–O● ↔ ●O–O ↔ O–O H2O2; 2 [ ●OH → OH] ireverzibilná (+ ė ) (+ ė ) (+ ė ) S Z V J 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 7

Transfér elektrónu; reverzibilita O2;●O–O● ↔ ●O–O ↔ O–O H2O2; 2 [ ●OH → OH] ireverzibilná (+ ė ) (+ ė ) (+ ė ) (- ė ) (+ ė ) ●O–O● ← ●O–O- → -O–O- Superoxidový anión radikál je oxidovadlo aj redukovadlo 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 8

The Virtual Free Radical School ... 90-té roky ... 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 9

Ascorbate (Vitamin C), its Antioxidant Chemistry The Virtual Free Radical School Ascorbate (Vitamin C), its Antioxidant Chemistry Garry R. Buettner and Freya Q. Schafer Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242-1101 Tel: 319-335-6749 Email: garry-buettner@uiowa.edu or freya-schafer@uiowa.edu 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 10

The Pecking Order H atom (●H) acceptor Buettner GR. (1993) The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants: Lipid peroxidation, ‑tocopherol, and ascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 300 pp. 535-543 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 11

Čo je na „Severe“ oxidantov? Z V .................................. voľné radikály typu: HO● AlkylO● ArylO● AlkylOO● ArylOO● 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 12

Čo je na „Severe“ antioxidantov? Z V ....................................................... donory: H● 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 13

The Pecking Order H atom (●H) acceptor Note that the electron donor antioxidants are found in the middle of the “pecking order” Buettner GR. (1993) The pecking order of free radicals and antioxidants: Lipid peroxidation, ‑tocopherol, and ascorbate. Arch Biochem Biophys. 300 pp. 535-543; modified by L. Šoltés 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 14

Čo je na „Východe“ antioxidantov? S J Z V ..................... donory: ė 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 15

Fe3+ + ė → Fe2+ - ė/+O2 Fe2+ → O2●- + Fe3+ Riziko na „Východe“ ! S J Z ............antioxidant typu donor ė redukuje napr. kontaminant = transition metal ion Fe3+ + ė → Fe2+ H2O2 ... HO● Fe2+ Fe2+ - ė/+O2 → O2●- + Fe3+ 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 16

antioxidant typu donor ė = môže sa stať PRO-OXIDANTOM !!! Riziko na „Východe“ !!!!!!! S J Z V ............... antioxidant typu donor ė ... plus napr. trace transition metal ion ... zdroj HO● H2O2 ............. HO● Fe2+ O2 O2●- antioxidant typu donor ė = môže sa stať PRO-OXIDANTOM !!! 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 17

Čo je na „Juhu“ antioxidantov? S J Z V ............... komplexotvorné činidlá, eliminátory iónov transition metal 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 18

Čo je na „Západe“ antioxidantov? S J Z V Anoxické prostredie, t.j. zabránenie prítomnosti O2 ....................................................... Potravinárstvo, Gumárenstvo, a i. neživé species 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 19

Antioxidanty Kde je Sever a nie len Sever ....... Donory H● S J Z V Anoxické prostredie, t.j. zabránenie prítomnosti O2 ....................................................... ........ Donory ė ..... Komplexotvorné činidlá, eliminátory iónov transition metal 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 20

Antioxidanty ... metódy štúdia v LBChL ... ....... Donory H●; RV... 100 μM HO● S J Z V Anoxické prostredie, t.j. zabránenie prítomnosti O2 ....................................................... Oxymetria ........ Donory ė; Spektrofotometria: ABTS; DPPH → CV ↔ ..... Komplexotvorné činidlá; RV... 1 μM (Cu2+) 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés 21

Paradox antioxidantů The Lancet Jsou zdravotněstatistické studie, které nasvědčují tomu, že požívání antioxidantů - zejména vitaminu C a vitaminu E - brání poškození tkání tzv. volnými radikály i vzniku nádorů. Jsou ale také studie, které ukazují, že přidávání antioxidantu riziko nádoru zvyšuje - to platí pro přidávání prekurzoru vitaminu A (beta-karotenu) do potravy kuřákům. Jsou i příklady zvyšování rizika poškození genomu antioxidanty. ****** Jsou lidé (rancids), kterým antioxidanty pomáhají - to jsou ti, jejichž tělo má větší sklon k lipoperoxidaci (Rancidification, the oxidation of fats, fatty acids, and edible oils). Avšak vždy pamätajme: „Riziko na Východe antioxidantov !!!!!!! (slides 15&16) je realita, nie iba PARADOX“ 12/8/2018 L. Šoltés