Introduction to Economics Scarcity How we deal with not having enough of stuff.

Food for Thought By graduating high school, how much more money will you make than someone who doesn’t graduate over your lifetime? $283,500, or about $9,500 a year! By graduating college, how much more money will you make than someone who doesn’t graduate from high school over your lifetime? $918,000 or about $30,000 a year Scarcity deals with a variety of things but we will focus on needs, wants, trade-offs, and opportunity cost.

What are NEEDS? Needs are the things that a person has to have to survive. Food Water Shelter The BARE NECESSITIES!

What are WANTS? Wants are those things that you would like, but do not need to survive. Ex. Car I-Pad Concert Tickets

Scarcity Def. A limited amount of resources to meet unlimited wants and needs. EVERYTHING is scarce!

Why do we have Scarcity? We have Unlimited Wants and Needs But Limited Resources Create Scarcity So we need to make Choices What to produce, How to Produce, For Whom to produce

Causes of Scarcity 1. Personal Perspective: your own feelings of what is needed or wanted. “I’m starving!” “I’m broke!”

Causes of Scarcity (cont.) 2. Poor Distribution of Resources: not using your resources to their potential. “I never have any time- yet I watch 6 hours of television a day!!” “I don’t have enough money for college, but I have a $400 phone!”

Causes of Scarcity (cont.) 3. Rapid Increase in Demand: A sudden rush to use resources can cause a shortage. Tickle Me Elmo PS4 Beanie Babies

Ways we deal with Scarcity 1. Doing without something You’ll get nothing and like it” “I’ll go to the prom, but not on the senior trip” “Instead of driving to the theater, let’s watch a movie on cable and save gas money”

Ways we deal with Scarcity (cont.) 2. Creating more resources “I’ll get a second job” “We’ll drill for more oil in Alaska”

Ways we deal with Scarcity (cont.) 3. Making better use of our resources “While I watch television, I’ll grade papers” “I’ll take my date to a matinee movie and use a buy one get one free coupon for dinner!” “If we carpool to work, it’ll save gas money”

Real Costs Def. All of the resources used to produce a good or service. Most resources can be used for only one thing at a time.

Example of Real Costs Real costs of building a bridge instead of a building Construction workers (cannot work on building a new building) A crane (cannot be used to build a new building) Steel (used in the bridge, cannot be used in a new building)

Trade Offs Def. When you choose between two possible uses for a resource, giving up one alternative for another. Ex. Bridge vs. Building I can either buy this book or pizza, but not both.

Opportunity Costs When you make a trade off, there are costs. The value of time, money, goods, and services given up in an economic choice. The #1 alternative is the Opportunity cost. By doing this, I give up the opportunity to do that. If we build the bridge, we can’t build the building. If I buy the pizza, I can’t buy the book.

Trade off: Sleep vs. Study Options Benefit Opportunity Cost 1 hour of extra study time Grade of C on test 1 hour of sleep 2nd hour of extra study time Grade of B on test 2 hours of sleep 3rd hour of extra study time Grade of B+ on test 3 hours of sleep

What is the Opportunity Cost of Going to College? Benefits Higher Income More Job opportunities Job opportunities in a career I enjoy Job opportunities in more places Opportunity Costs Costs a LOT of money Student loans for years 4 (or more) years of school No guarantee of a job when I get out What if I change my mind?